sodium vs chlorine vs phosphorus

sodium (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element) | phosphorus (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| sodium | chlorine | phosphorus atomic symbol | Na | Cl | P atomic number | 11 | 17 | 15 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^1 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^3 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 3p 3s | 3p 3s block | s | p | p group | 1 | 17 | 15 period | 3 | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 22.98976928 u | 35.45 u | 30.973761998 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| sodium | chlorine | phosphorus phase at STP | solid | gas | solid melting point | 97.72 °C | -101.5 °C | 44.2 °C boiling point | 883 °C | -34.04 °C | 280.5 °C critical temperature | 2573 K | 416.9 K | critical pressure | 35 MPa | 7.991 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 2.6 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol | 0.64 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 97.7 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol | 12.4 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1230 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 769.7 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)

| sodium | chlorine | phosphorus density | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 1.823 g/cm^3 liquid density | 0.927 g/cm^3 | | molar volume | 23.7 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol | 16.99 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | | Brinell hardness | 0.69 MPa | | bulk modulus | 6.3 GPa | 1.1 GPa | 11 GPa shear modulus | 3.3 GPa | | Young's modulus | 10 GPa | | ultimate tensile strength | 10 MPa | | refractive index | | 1.000773 | 1.001212 sound speed | 3200 m/s | 206 m/s | thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | | thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.236 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| sodium | chlorine | phosphorus electrical type | conductor | insulator | conductor resistivity | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 8.5×10^-6 | -2.31×10^-8 | -2.06×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.5×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) | | threshold frequency | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) | | color | (silver) | (yellow) | (colorless) refractive index | | 1.000773 | 1.001212

| sodium | chlorine | phosphorus valence | 1 | 5 | 5 electronegativity | 0.93 | 3.16 | 2.19 electron affinity | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 72 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1011.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 1011.8 kJ/mol | 1907 kJ/mol | 2914.1 kJ/mol | 4963.6 kJ/mol | 6273.9 kJ/mol | 21267 kJ/mol | 25431 kJ/mol | 29872 kJ/mol | 35905 kJ/mol | 40950 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| sodium | chlorine | phosphorus term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | 180 pm | 100 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 166 pm | 102 pm | 107 pm van der Waals radius | 227 pm | 175 pm | 180 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| sodium | chlorine | phosphorus universe abundance | 0.002 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% | 7×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | 0.004 mass% | 8×10^-4 mass% | 7×10^-4 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.55 mass% | 0.037 mass% | 0.11 mass% crust abundance | 2.3 mass% | 0.017 mass% | 0.099 mass% ocean abundance | 1.1 mass% | 2 mass% | 7×10^-6 mass% human abundance | 0.14 mass% | 0.12 mass% | 1.1 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-4 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.48 mol% | 0.016 mol% | 0.07 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.3 mol% | 0.35 mol% | 1.4×10^-6 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.1 mol% | 0.0099 mol% | 0.07 mol% human molar abundance | 0.038 mol% | 0.021 mol% | 0.22 mol%