O2 + C6H5NH2 = H2O + CO2 + N2

O_2 oxygen + C_6H_7N 3-methylpyridine ⟶ H_2O water + CO_2 carbon dioxide + N_2 nitrogen

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: O_2 + C_6H_7N ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + N_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 O_2 + c_2 C_6H_7N ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 CO_2 + c_5 N_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for O, C, H and N: O: | 2 c_1 = c_3 + 2 c_4 C: | 6 c_2 = c_4 H: | 7 c_2 = 2 c_3 N: | c_2 = 2 c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_5 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 31/2 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 7 c_4 = 12 c_5 = 1 Multiply by the least common denominator, 2, to eliminate fractional coefficients: c_1 = 31 c_2 = 4 c_3 = 14 c_4 = 24 c_5 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 31 O_2 + 4 C_6H_7N ⟶ 14 H_2O + 24 CO_2 + 2 N_2

+ ⟶ + +

oxygen + 3-methylpyridine ⟶ water + carbon dioxide + nitrogen

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: O_2 + C_6H_7N ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + N_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 31 O_2 + 4 C_6H_7N ⟶ 14 H_2O + 24 CO_2 + 2 N_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i O_2 | 31 | -31 C_6H_7N | 4 | -4 H_2O | 14 | 14 CO_2 | 24 | 24 N_2 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression O_2 | 31 | -31 | ([O2])^(-31) C_6H_7N | 4 | -4 | ([C6H7N])^(-4) H_2O | 14 | 14 | ([H2O])^14 CO_2 | 24 | 24 | ([CO2])^24 N_2 | 2 | 2 | ([N2])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([O2])^(-31) ([C6H7N])^(-4) ([H2O])^14 ([CO2])^24 ([N2])^2 = (([H2O])^14 ([CO2])^24 ([N2])^2)/(([O2])^31 ([C6H7N])^4)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: O_2 + C_6H_7N ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + N_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 31 O_2 + 4 C_6H_7N ⟶ 14 H_2O + 24 CO_2 + 2 N_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i O_2 | 31 | -31 C_6H_7N | 4 | -4 H_2O | 14 | 14 CO_2 | 24 | 24 N_2 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term O_2 | 31 | -31 | -1/31 (Δ[O2])/(Δt) C_6H_7N | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[C6H7N])/(Δt) H_2O | 14 | 14 | 1/14 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) CO_2 | 24 | 24 | 1/24 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) N_2 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[N2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/31 (Δ[O2])/(Δt) = -1/4 (Δ[C6H7N])/(Δt) = 1/14 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/24 (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[N2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| oxygen | 3-methylpyridine | water | carbon dioxide | nitrogen formula | O_2 | C_6H_7N | H_2O | CO_2 | N_2 name | oxygen | 3-methylpyridine | water | carbon dioxide | nitrogen IUPAC name | molecular oxygen | 3-methylpyridine | water | carbon dioxide | molecular nitrogen

| oxygen | 3-methylpyridine | water | carbon dioxide | nitrogen molar mass | 31.998 g/mol | 93.13 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 44.009 g/mol | 28.014 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | gas (at STP) melting point | -218 °C | -19 °C | 0 °C | -56.56 °C (at triple point) | -210 °C boiling point | -183 °C | 144 °C | 99.9839 °C | -78.5 °C (at sublimation point) | -195.79 °C density | 0.001429 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 0.957 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.00184212 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) | 0.001251 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) solubility in water | | soluble | | | insoluble surface tension | 0.01347 N/m | 0.0367 N/m | 0.0728 N/m | | 0.0066 N/m dynamic viscosity | 2.055×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 9.72×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.491×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.78×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) odor | odorless | | odorless | odorless | odorless