NaOH + CI3CHO = CHI3 + HCOONa

NaOH sodium hydroxide + CI3CHO ⟶ CHI_3 iodoform + HCOONa sodium formate

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + CI3CHO ⟶ CHI_3 + HCOONa Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 CI3CHO ⟶ c_3 CHI_3 + c_4 HCOONa Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O, C and I: H: | c_1 + c_2 = c_3 + c_4 Na: | c_1 = c_4 O: | c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_4 C: | 2 c_2 = c_3 + c_4 I: | 3 c_2 = 3 c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | NaOH + CI3CHO ⟶ CHI_3 + HCOONa

+ CI3CHO ⟶ +

sodium hydroxide + CI3CHO ⟶ iodoform + sodium formate

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaOH + CI3CHO ⟶ CHI_3 + HCOONa Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: NaOH + CI3CHO ⟶ CHI_3 + HCOONa Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 1 | -1 CI3CHO | 1 | -1 CHI_3 | 1 | 1 HCOONa | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaOH | 1 | -1 | ([NaOH])^(-1) CI3CHO | 1 | -1 | ([CI3CHO])^(-1) CHI_3 | 1 | 1 | [CHI3] HCOONa | 1 | 1 | [HCOONa] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaOH])^(-1) ([CI3CHO])^(-1) [CHI3] [HCOONa] = ([CHI3] [HCOONa])/([NaOH] [CI3CHO])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaOH + CI3CHO ⟶ CHI_3 + HCOONa Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: NaOH + CI3CHO ⟶ CHI_3 + HCOONa Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 1 | -1 CI3CHO | 1 | -1 CHI_3 | 1 | 1 HCOONa | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaOH | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) CI3CHO | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[CI3CHO])/(Δt) CHI_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CHI3])/(Δt) HCOONa | 1 | 1 | (Δ[HCOONa])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[CI3CHO])/(Δt) = (Δ[CHI3])/(Δt) = (Δ[HCOONa])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| sodium hydroxide | CI3CHO | iodoform | sodium formate formula | NaOH | CI3CHO | CHI_3 | HCOONa Hill formula | HNaO | C2HI3O | CHI_3 | CHNaO_2 name | sodium hydroxide | | iodoform | sodium formate IUPAC name | sodium hydroxide | | iodoform | sodium oxomethanolate

| sodium hydroxide | CI3CHO | iodoform | sodium formate molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 421.742 g/mol | 393.732 g/mol | 68.007 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 323 °C | | 119.5 °C | 260.5 °C boiling point | 1390 °C | | 218 °C | density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | | 4.008 g/cm^3 | 1.919 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | | | surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | |