hydrogen vs sulfur vs phosphorus vs selenium

hydrogen (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | phosphorus (chemical element) | selenium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration hydrogen | H | 1 | 1s^1 sulfur | S | 16 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 phosphorus | P | 15 | [Ne]3s^23p^3 selenium | Se | 34 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^4 | Aufbau diagram | block | group hydrogen | 1s | s | 1 sulfur | 3p 3s | p | 16 phosphorus | 3p 3s | p | 15 selenium | 4p 3d 4s | p | 16 | period | atomic mass | half-life hydrogen | 1 | 1.008 u | (stable) sulfur | 3 | 32.06 u | (stable) phosphorus | 3 | 30.973761998 u | (stable) selenium | 4 | 78.971 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | gas | solid melting point | median | 79.7 °C | highest | 221 °C (selenium) | lowest | -259.14 °C (hydrogen) | distribution | boiling point | median | 362.6 °C | highest | 685 °C (selenium) | lowest | -252.87 °C (hydrogen) | distribution | critical temperature | median | 1314 K | highest | 1766 K (selenium) | lowest | 32.97 K (hydrogen) | distribution | critical pressure | median | 20.7 MPa | highest | 27.2 MPa (selenium) | lowest | 1.293 MPa (hydrogen) molar heat of fusion | median | 1.2 kJ/mol | highest | 5.4 kJ/mol (selenium) | lowest | 0.558 kJ/mol (hydrogen) molar heat of vaporization | median | 11 kJ/mol | highest | 26 kJ/mol (selenium) | lowest | 0.452 kJ/mol (hydrogen) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 737 J/(kg K) | highest | 14300 J/(kg K) (hydrogen) | lowest | 321.2 J/(kg K) (selenium) (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 1.891 g/cm^3 | highest | 4.819 g/cm^3 (selenium) | lowest | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 (hydrogen) molar volume | median | 16.69 cm^3/mol | highest | 11200 cm^3/mol (hydrogen) | lowest | 16.36 cm^3/mol (sulfur) Brinell hardness | all | 736 MPa bulk modulus | median | 8.3 GPa | highest | 11 GPa (phosphorus) | lowest | 7.7 GPa (sulfur) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.33 refractive index | median | 1.001003 | highest | 1.001212 (phosphorus) | lowest | 1.000132 (hydrogen) thermal conductivity | median | 0.22 W/(m K) | highest | 0.52 W/(m K) (selenium) | lowest | 0.1805 W/(m K) (hydrogen) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

valence | median | 5.5 | highest | 6 (sulfur and selenium) | lowest | 1 (hydrogen) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 2.38 | highest | 2.58 (sulfur) | lowest | 2.19 (phosphorus) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 134 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (sulfur) | lowest | 72 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (phosphorus) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 1006 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 1312 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (hydrogen) | lowest | 941 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (selenium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3P_2 | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | median | 100 pm | highest | 115 pm (selenium) | lowest | 25 pm (hydrogen) covalent radius | median | 106 pm | highest | 120 pm (selenium) | lowest | 31 pm (hydrogen) van der Waals radius | median | 180 pm | highest | 190 pm (selenium) | lowest | 120 pm (hydrogen) (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 0.025 mass% | highest | 75 mass% (hydrogen) | lowest | 3×10^-6 mass% (selenium) solar abundance | median | 0.04 mass% | highest | 75 mass% (hydrogen) | lowest | 7×10^-4 mass% (phosphorus) meteorite abundance | median | 1.3 mass% | highest | 4 mass% (sulfur) | lowest | 0.0013 mass% (selenium) | distribution | crust abundance | median | 0.071 mass% | highest | 0.15 mass% (hydrogen) | lowest | 5×10^-6 mass% (selenium) | distribution | ocean abundance | median | 0.047 mass% | highest | 11 mass% (hydrogen) | lowest | 4.5×10^-8 mass% (selenium) human abundance | median | 0.65 mass% | highest | 10 mass% (hydrogen) | lowest | 5×10^-6 mass% (selenium) universe molar abundance | median | 0.001 mol% | highest | 93 mol% (hydrogen) | lowest | 5×10^-8 mol% (selenium) solar molar abundance | median | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | highest | 93 mol% (hydrogen) | lowest | 3×10^-5 mol% (phosphorus) meteorite molar abundance | median | 1.1 mol% | highest | 17 mol% (hydrogen) | lowest | 2.9×10^-4 mol% (selenium) ocean molar abundance | median | 0.009 mol% | highest | 66 mol% (hydrogen) | lowest | 3.5×10^-9 mol% (selenium) crust molar abundance | median | 0.048 mol% | highest | 3.1 mol% (hydrogen) | lowest | 9.9×10^-7 mol% (selenium) human molar abundance | median | 0.13 mol% | highest | 62 mol% (hydrogen) | lowest | 4×10^-7 mol% (selenium)