Input interpretation
![erbium (chemical element) | actinium (chemical element) | cerium (chemical element)](../image_source/3f17c4fd52c18310a15cd4b5336a1075.png)
erbium (chemical element) | actinium (chemical element) | cerium (chemical element)
Periodic table location
![Periodic table location](../image_source/054ee509d81084985b870aafcc95bad7.png)
Periodic table location
Images
![Images](../image_source/5d319b8efee7099829fff1c4eb714112.png)
Images
Basic elemental properties
![| erbium | actinium | cerium atomic symbol | Er | Ac | Ce atomic number | 68 | 89 | 58 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^12 | [Rn]7s^26d^1 | [Xe]6s^24f^15d^1 Aufbau diagram | 4f 6s | 6d 7s | 5d 4f 6s block | f | f | f period | 6 | 7 | 6 atomic mass | 167.259 u | 227 u | 140.116 u half-life | (stable) | 21.787 yr | (stable)](../image_source/2b337e2388f48f4619850784863907cd.png)
| erbium | actinium | cerium atomic symbol | Er | Ac | Ce atomic number | 68 | 89 | 58 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^12 | [Rn]7s^26d^1 | [Xe]6s^24f^15d^1 Aufbau diagram | 4f 6s | 6d 7s | 5d 4f 6s block | f | f | f period | 6 | 7 | 6 atomic mass | 167.259 u | 227 u | 140.116 u half-life | (stable) | 21.787 yr | (stable)
Thermodynamic properties
![| erbium | actinium | cerium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1497 °C | 1050 °C | 798 °C boiling point | 2868 °C | 3200 °C | 3360 °C molar heat of fusion | 19.9 kJ/mol | 14 kJ/mol | 5.5 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 285 kJ/mol | 400 kJ/mol | 350 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 168 J/(kg K) | 120 J/(kg K) | 192 J/(kg K) Néel point | 82 K | | 12.5 K (properties at standard conditions)](../image_source/b42cddbee1800e810017484fef6336d6.png)
| erbium | actinium | cerium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1497 °C | 1050 °C | 798 °C boiling point | 2868 °C | 3200 °C | 3360 °C molar heat of fusion | 19.9 kJ/mol | 14 kJ/mol | 5.5 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 285 kJ/mol | 400 kJ/mol | 350 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 168 J/(kg K) | 120 J/(kg K) | 192 J/(kg K) Néel point | 82 K | | 12.5 K (properties at standard conditions)
Material properties
![| erbium | actinium | cerium density | 9.066 g/cm^3 | 10.07 g/cm^3 | 6.689 g/cm^3 liquid density | 8.86 g/cm^3 | | 6.55 g/cm^3 molar volume | 18.45 cm^3/mol | 22.5 cm^3/mol | 20.95 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2 (between gypsum and talc) | | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) Vickers hardness | 589 MPa | | 270 MPa Brinell hardness | 814 MPa | | 412 MPa bulk modulus | 44 GPa | | 22 GPa shear modulus | 28 GPa | | 14 GPa Young's modulus | 70 GPa | | 34 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.24 | | 0.24 tensile yield strength | 60 MPa | | 91 MPa ultimate tensile strength | 136 MPa | | 100 MPa sound speed | 2830 m/s | | 2100 m/s thermal expansion | 1.22×10^-5 K^(-1) | | 6.3×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 15 W/(m K) | 12 W/(m K) | 11 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)](../image_source/bb3c0145f6723674eb6070e1937d268c.png)
| erbium | actinium | cerium density | 9.066 g/cm^3 | 10.07 g/cm^3 | 6.689 g/cm^3 liquid density | 8.86 g/cm^3 | | 6.55 g/cm^3 molar volume | 18.45 cm^3/mol | 22.5 cm^3/mol | 20.95 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2 (between gypsum and talc) | | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) Vickers hardness | 589 MPa | | 270 MPa Brinell hardness | 814 MPa | | 412 MPa bulk modulus | 44 GPa | | 22 GPa shear modulus | 28 GPa | | 14 GPa Young's modulus | 70 GPa | | 34 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.24 | | 0.24 tensile yield strength | 60 MPa | | 91 MPa ultimate tensile strength | 136 MPa | | 100 MPa sound speed | 2830 m/s | | 2100 m/s thermal expansion | 1.22×10^-5 K^(-1) | | 6.3×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 15 W/(m K) | 12 W/(m K) | 11 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
Electromagnetic properties
![| erbium | actinium | cerium electrical type | conductor | | conductor resistivity | 8.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | | 7.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.2×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | | 1.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 0.0341788 | | 0.0014716 mass magnetic susceptibility | 3.77×10^-6 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | | 2.2×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 6.30566×10^-7 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | | 3.0826×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | 32 K (kelvins) | | Néel point | 82 K (kelvins) | | 12.5 K (kelvins) work function | | | 2.9 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | | 7.012×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 0.022 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)](../image_source/622cad687ae449cbd160a7176296b965.png)
| erbium | actinium | cerium electrical type | conductor | | conductor resistivity | 8.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | | 7.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.2×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | | 1.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 0.0341788 | | 0.0014716 mass magnetic susceptibility | 3.77×10^-6 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | | 2.2×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 6.30566×10^-7 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | | 3.0826×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | 32 K (kelvins) | | Néel point | 82 K (kelvins) | | 12.5 K (kelvins) work function | | | 2.9 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | | 7.012×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 0.022 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)
Reactivity
![| erbium | actinium | cerium valence | 3 | 3 | 4 electronegativity | 1.24 | 1.1 | 1.12 electron affinity | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 499 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 534.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.3 kJ/mol | 1150 kJ/mol | 2194 kJ/mol | 4120 kJ/mol | 499 kJ/mol | 1170 kJ/mol | 534.4 kJ/mol | 1050 kJ/mol | 1949 kJ/mol | 3547 kJ/mol | 6325 kJ/mol | 7490 kJ/mol](../image_source/010c14c0e250546bd65fea7e1d54c57a.png)
| erbium | actinium | cerium valence | 3 | 3 | 4 electronegativity | 1.24 | 1.1 | 1.12 electron affinity | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 499 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 534.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.3 kJ/mol | 1150 kJ/mol | 2194 kJ/mol | 4120 kJ/mol | 499 kJ/mol | 1170 kJ/mol | 534.4 kJ/mol | 1050 kJ/mol | 1949 kJ/mol | 3547 kJ/mol | 6325 kJ/mol | 7490 kJ/mol
![Reactivity](../image_source/4ed8ca0deba67aa96783cf41d0ce15a0.png)
Reactivity
Atomic properties
![| erbium | actinium | cerium term symbol | ^3H_6 | ^2D_(3/2) | ^1G_4 atomic radius | 175 pm | 195 pm | 185 pm covalent radius | 189 pm | 215 pm | 204 pm (electronic ground state properties)](../image_source/9301552f543a0e2f447752f50867f912.png)
| erbium | actinium | cerium term symbol | ^3H_6 | ^2D_(3/2) | ^1G_4 atomic radius | 175 pm | 195 pm | 185 pm covalent radius | 189 pm | 215 pm | 204 pm (electronic ground state properties)
Abundances
![| erbium | actinium | cerium universe abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% | | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 0 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.8×10^-5 mass% | | 7.5×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% | | 0.006 mass% ocean abundance | 9×10^-11 mass% | | 1.2×10^-10 mass% human abundance | | 0 mass% | universe molar abundance | 1×10^-9 mol% | | 9×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 0 mol% | 3×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2×10^-6 mol% | | 1.1×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 3.3×10^-12 mol% | | 5.3×10^-12 mol% crust molar abundance | 3.7×10^-5 mol% | | 8.9×10^-4 mol% human molar abundance | | 0 mol% |](../image_source/7b4969122f9f5cf3f64717cc644d6d48.png)
| erbium | actinium | cerium universe abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% | | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 0 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.8×10^-5 mass% | | 7.5×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% | | 0.006 mass% ocean abundance | 9×10^-11 mass% | | 1.2×10^-10 mass% human abundance | | 0 mass% | universe molar abundance | 1×10^-9 mol% | | 9×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 0 mol% | 3×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2×10^-6 mol% | | 1.1×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 3.3×10^-12 mol% | | 5.3×10^-12 mol% crust molar abundance | 3.7×10^-5 mol% | | 8.9×10^-4 mol% human molar abundance | | 0 mol% |