Input interpretation
oxygen + ethanol ⟶ water + carbon dioxide
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for O, C and H: O: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = c_3 + 2 c_4 C: | 2 c_2 = c_4 H: | 6 c_2 = 2 c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 3 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 3 + ⟶ 3 + 2
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
oxygen + ethanol ⟶ water + carbon dioxide
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| oxygen | ethanol | water | carbon dioxide molecular enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -277.7 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -393.5 kJ/mol total enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -277.7 kJ/mol | -857.5 kJ/mol | -787 kJ/mol | H_initial = -277.7 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1644 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1644 kJ/mol - -277.7 kJ/mol = -1367 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |
Gibbs free energy
| oxygen | ethanol | water | carbon dioxide molecular free energy | 231.7 kJ/mol | -174.8 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -394.4 kJ/mol total free energy | 695.1 kJ/mol | -174.8 kJ/mol | -711.3 kJ/mol | -788.8 kJ/mol | G_initial = 520.3 kJ/mol | | G_final = -1500 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -1500 kJ/mol - 520.3 kJ/mol = -2020 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | |
Entropy
| oxygen | ethanol | water | carbon dioxide molecular entropy | 205 J/(mol K) | 160.7 J/(mol K) | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 214 J/(mol K) total entropy | 615 J/(mol K) | 160.7 J/(mol K) | 209.7 J/(mol K) | 428 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 775.7 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 637.7 J/(mol K) | ΔS_rxn^0 | 637.7 J/(mol K) - 775.7 J/(mol K) = -138 J/(mol K) (exoentropic) | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| oxygen | ethanol | water | carbon dioxide Hill formula | O_2 | C_2H_6O | H_2O | CO_2 name | oxygen | ethanol | water | carbon dioxide IUPAC name | molecular oxygen | ethanol | water | carbon dioxide