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Ca(OH)2 + Cl2O7 = H2O + Ca(ClO4)2

Input interpretation

Ca(OH)_2 calcium hydroxide + Cl_2O_7 dichlorine heptoxide ⟶ H_2O water + Ca(ClO_4)_2 calcium perchlorate
Ca(OH)_2 calcium hydroxide + Cl_2O_7 dichlorine heptoxide ⟶ H_2O water + Ca(ClO_4)_2 calcium perchlorate

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Ca(OH)_2 + Cl_2O_7 ⟶ H_2O + Ca(ClO_4)_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Ca(OH)_2 + c_2 Cl_2O_7 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 Ca(ClO_4)_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Ca, H, O and Cl: Ca: | c_1 = c_4 H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | 2 c_1 + 7 c_2 = c_3 + 8 c_4 Cl: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | Ca(OH)_2 + Cl_2O_7 ⟶ H_2O + Ca(ClO_4)_2
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Ca(OH)_2 + Cl_2O_7 ⟶ H_2O + Ca(ClO_4)_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Ca(OH)_2 + c_2 Cl_2O_7 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 Ca(ClO_4)_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Ca, H, O and Cl: Ca: | c_1 = c_4 H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | 2 c_1 + 7 c_2 = c_3 + 8 c_4 Cl: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | Ca(OH)_2 + Cl_2O_7 ⟶ H_2O + Ca(ClO_4)_2

Structures

+ ⟶ +
+ ⟶ +

Names

calcium hydroxide + dichlorine heptoxide ⟶ water + calcium perchlorate
calcium hydroxide + dichlorine heptoxide ⟶ water + calcium perchlorate

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Ca(OH)_2 + Cl_2O_7 ⟶ H_2O + Ca(ClO_4)_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Ca(OH)_2 + Cl_2O_7 ⟶ H_2O + Ca(ClO_4)_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 Cl_2O_7 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 Ca(ClO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Ca(OH)2])^(-1) Cl_2O_7 | 1 | -1 | ([Cl2O7])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] Ca(ClO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 | [Ca(ClO4)2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Ca(OH)2])^(-1) ([Cl2O7])^(-1) [H2O] [Ca(ClO4)2] = ([H2O] [Ca(ClO4)2])/([Ca(OH)2] [Cl2O7])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Ca(OH)_2 + Cl_2O_7 ⟶ H_2O + Ca(ClO_4)_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Ca(OH)_2 + Cl_2O_7 ⟶ H_2O + Ca(ClO_4)_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 Cl_2O_7 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 Ca(ClO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Ca(OH)2])^(-1) Cl_2O_7 | 1 | -1 | ([Cl2O7])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] Ca(ClO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 | [Ca(ClO4)2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Ca(OH)2])^(-1) ([Cl2O7])^(-1) [H2O] [Ca(ClO4)2] = ([H2O] [Ca(ClO4)2])/([Ca(OH)2] [Cl2O7])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Ca(OH)_2 + Cl_2O_7 ⟶ H_2O + Ca(ClO_4)_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Ca(OH)_2 + Cl_2O_7 ⟶ H_2O + Ca(ClO_4)_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 Cl_2O_7 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 Ca(ClO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Ca(OH)2])/(Δt) Cl_2O_7 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Cl2O7])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Ca(ClO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Ca(ClO4)2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[Ca(OH)2])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Cl2O7])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[Ca(ClO4)2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Ca(OH)_2 + Cl_2O_7 ⟶ H_2O + Ca(ClO_4)_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Ca(OH)_2 + Cl_2O_7 ⟶ H_2O + Ca(ClO_4)_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 Cl_2O_7 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 Ca(ClO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Ca(OH)2])/(Δt) Cl_2O_7 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Cl2O7])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Ca(ClO_4)_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Ca(ClO4)2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[Ca(OH)2])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Cl2O7])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[Ca(ClO4)2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| calcium hydroxide | dichlorine heptoxide | water | calcium perchlorate formula | Ca(OH)_2 | Cl_2O_7 | H_2O | Ca(ClO_4)_2 Hill formula | CaH_2O_2 | Cl_2O_7 | H_2O | CaCl_2O_8 name | calcium hydroxide | dichlorine heptoxide | water | calcium perchlorate IUPAC name | calcium dihydroxide | perchloryl perchlorate | water | calcium diperchlorate
| calcium hydroxide | dichlorine heptoxide | water | calcium perchlorate formula | Ca(OH)_2 | Cl_2O_7 | H_2O | Ca(ClO_4)_2 Hill formula | CaH_2O_2 | Cl_2O_7 | H_2O | CaCl_2O_8 name | calcium hydroxide | dichlorine heptoxide | water | calcium perchlorate IUPAC name | calcium dihydroxide | perchloryl perchlorate | water | calcium diperchlorate

Substance properties

| calcium hydroxide | dichlorine heptoxide | water | calcium perchlorate molar mass | 74.092 g/mol | 182.9 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 239 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | melting point | 550 °C | -91.5 °C | 0 °C | boiling point | | 82 °C | 99.9839 °C | density | 2.24 g/cm^3 | 1.9 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.651 g/cm^3 solubility in water | slightly soluble | reacts | | surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless |
| calcium hydroxide | dichlorine heptoxide | water | calcium perchlorate molar mass | 74.092 g/mol | 182.9 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 239 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | melting point | 550 °C | -91.5 °C | 0 °C | boiling point | | 82 °C | 99.9839 °C | density | 2.24 g/cm^3 | 1.9 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.651 g/cm^3 solubility in water | slightly soluble | reacts | | surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless |

Units

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