Al(OH)3 + Na2O = H2O + NaAlO2

Al(OH)_3 aluminum hydroxide + Na_2O sodium oxide ⟶ H_2O water + AlNaO_2 sodium aluminate

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Al(OH)_3 + Na_2O ⟶ H_2O + AlNaO_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Al(OH)_3 + c_2 Na_2O ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 AlNaO_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Al, H, O and Na: Al: | c_1 = c_4 H: | 3 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | 3 c_1 + c_2 = c_3 + 2 c_4 Na: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 Al(OH)_3 + Na_2O ⟶ 3 H_2O + 2 AlNaO_2

+ ⟶ +

aluminum hydroxide + sodium oxide ⟶ water + sodium aluminate

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Al(OH)_3 + Na_2O ⟶ H_2O + AlNaO_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 Al(OH)_3 + Na_2O ⟶ 3 H_2O + 2 AlNaO_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Al(OH)_3 | 2 | -2 Na_2O | 1 | -1 H_2O | 3 | 3 AlNaO_2 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Al(OH)_3 | 2 | -2 | ([Al(OH)3])^(-2) Na_2O | 1 | -1 | ([Na2O])^(-1) H_2O | 3 | 3 | ([H2O])^3 AlNaO_2 | 2 | 2 | ([AlNaO2])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Al(OH)3])^(-2) ([Na2O])^(-1) ([H2O])^3 ([AlNaO2])^2 = (([H2O])^3 ([AlNaO2])^2)/(([Al(OH)3])^2 [Na2O])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Al(OH)_3 + Na_2O ⟶ H_2O + AlNaO_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 Al(OH)_3 + Na_2O ⟶ 3 H_2O + 2 AlNaO_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Al(OH)_3 | 2 | -2 Na_2O | 1 | -1 H_2O | 3 | 3 AlNaO_2 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Al(OH)_3 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Al(OH)3])/(Δt) Na_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na2O])/(Δt) H_2O | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) AlNaO_2 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[AlNaO2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[Al(OH)3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Na2O])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[AlNaO2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| aluminum hydroxide | sodium oxide | water | sodium aluminate formula | Al(OH)_3 | Na_2O | H_2O | AlNaO_2 Hill formula | AlH_3O_3 | Na_2O | H_2O | AlNaO_2 name | aluminum hydroxide | sodium oxide | water | sodium aluminate IUPAC name | aluminum hydroxide | disodium oxygen(-2) anion | water | sodium oxido-oxo-alumane

| aluminum hydroxide | sodium oxide | water | sodium aluminate molar mass | 78.003 g/mol | 61.979 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 81.969 g/mol phase | | | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | | | 0 °C | 1800 °C boiling point | | | 99.9839 °C | density | | 2.27 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 1.5 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | | | soluble surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | | | odorless |