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francium vs calcium vs lithium

Input interpretation

francium (chemical element) | calcium (chemical element) | lithium (chemical element)
francium (chemical element) | calcium (chemical element) | lithium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| francium | calcium | lithium atomic symbol | Fr | Ca | Li atomic number | 87 | 20 | 3 short electronic configuration | [Rn]7s^1 | [Ar]4s^2 | [He]2s^1 Aufbau diagram | 7s | 4s | 2s block | s | s | s group | 1 | 2 | 1 period | 7 | 4 | 2 atomic mass | 223 u | 40.078 u | 6.94 u half-life | 22 min | (stable) | (stable)
| francium | calcium | lithium atomic symbol | Fr | Ca | Li atomic number | 87 | 20 | 3 short electronic configuration | [Rn]7s^1 | [Ar]4s^2 | [He]2s^1 Aufbau diagram | 7s | 4s | 2s block | s | s | s group | 1 | 2 | 1 period | 7 | 4 | 2 atomic mass | 223 u | 40.078 u | 6.94 u half-life | 22 min | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| francium | calcium | lithium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | | 842 °C | 180.54 °C boiling point | | 1484 °C | 1342 °C critical temperature | | | 3223 K critical pressure | | | 67 MPa molar heat of fusion | 2 kJ/mol | 8.54 kJ/mol | 3 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 65 kJ/mol | 155 kJ/mol | 147 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | | 631 J/(kg K) | 3570 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
| francium | calcium | lithium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | | 842 °C | 180.54 °C boiling point | | 1484 °C | 1342 °C critical temperature | | | 3223 K critical pressure | | | 67 MPa molar heat of fusion | 2 kJ/mol | 8.54 kJ/mol | 3 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 65 kJ/mol | 155 kJ/mol | 147 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | | 631 J/(kg K) | 3570 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| calcium | lithium density | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 0.535 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 0.512 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 13 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | 0.6 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 167 MPa | bulk modulus | 17 GPa | 11 GPa shear modulus | 7.4 GPa | 4.2 GPa Young's modulus | 20 GPa | 4.9 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.31 | ultimate tensile strength | | 15 MPa sound speed | 3810 m/s | 6000 m/s thermal expansion | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | 4.6×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m K) | 85 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| calcium | lithium density | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 0.535 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 0.512 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 13 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | 0.6 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 167 MPa | bulk modulus | 17 GPa | 11 GPa shear modulus | 7.4 GPa | 4.2 GPa Young's modulus | 20 GPa | 4.9 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.31 | ultimate tensile strength | | 15 MPa sound speed | 3810 m/s | 6000 m/s thermal expansion | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | 4.6×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m K) | 85 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| francium | calcium | lithium electrical type | | conductor | conductor resistivity | | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 9.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | | 2.139×10^-5 | 1.37×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.56×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.78×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.93 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 7.085×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)
| francium | calcium | lithium electrical type | | conductor | conductor resistivity | | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 9.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | | 2.139×10^-5 | 1.37×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.56×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.78×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.93 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 7.085×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

Reactivity

| francium | calcium | lithium valence | 1 | 2 | 1 electronegativity | 0.7 | 1 | 0.98 electron affinity | | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 59.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 380 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 520.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 380 kJ/mol | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 520.2 kJ/mol | 7298.1 kJ/mol | 11815 kJ/mol
| francium | calcium | lithium valence | 1 | 2 | 1 electronegativity | 0.7 | 1 | 0.98 electron affinity | | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 59.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 380 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 520.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 380 kJ/mol | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 520.2 kJ/mol | 7298.1 kJ/mol | 11815 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| francium | calcium | lithium term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | | 180 pm | 145 pm covalent radius | 260 pm | 176 pm | 128 pm van der Waals radius | | | 182 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| francium | calcium | lithium term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | | 180 pm | 145 pm covalent radius | 260 pm | 176 pm | 128 pm van der Waals radius | | | 182 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| francium | calcium | lithium universe abundance | | 0.007 mass% | 6×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | | 0.007 mass% | 6×10^-9 mass% meteorite abundance | | 1.1 mass% | 1.7×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | | 5 mass% | 0.0017 mass% ocean abundance | | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 1.8×10^-5 mass% human abundance | 0 mass% | 1.4 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% universe molar abundance | | 2×10^-4 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol% solar molar abundance | | 2×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | | 0.52 mol% | 4.6×10^-4 mol% ocean molar abundance | | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 1.6×10^-5 mol% crust molar abundance | | 2.6 mol% | 0.005 mol% human molar abundance | 0 mol% | 0.22 mol% | 2.7×10^-6 mol%
| francium | calcium | lithium universe abundance | | 0.007 mass% | 6×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | | 0.007 mass% | 6×10^-9 mass% meteorite abundance | | 1.1 mass% | 1.7×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | | 5 mass% | 0.0017 mass% ocean abundance | | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 1.8×10^-5 mass% human abundance | 0 mass% | 1.4 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% universe molar abundance | | 2×10^-4 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol% solar molar abundance | | 2×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | | 0.52 mol% | 4.6×10^-4 mol% ocean molar abundance | | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 1.6×10^-5 mol% crust molar abundance | | 2.6 mol% | 0.005 mol% human molar abundance | 0 mol% | 0.22 mol% | 2.7×10^-6 mol%

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