O2 + C6H6O = H2O + CO

O_2 oxygen + C_6H_5OH phenol ⟶ H_2O water + CO carbon monoxide

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: O_2 + C_6H_5OH ⟶ H_2O + CO Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 O_2 + c_2 C_6H_5OH ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 CO Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for O, C and H: O: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = c_3 + c_4 C: | 6 c_2 = c_4 H: | 6 c_2 = 2 c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 4 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 3 c_4 = 6 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 4 O_2 + C_6H_5OH ⟶ 3 H_2O + 6 CO

+ ⟶ +

oxygen + phenol ⟶ water + carbon monoxide

| oxygen | phenol | water | carbon monoxide molecular enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -165.1 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -110.5 kJ/mol total enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -165.1 kJ/mol | -857.5 kJ/mol | -663 kJ/mol | H_initial = -165.1 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1520 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1520 kJ/mol - -165.1 kJ/mol = -1355 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: O_2 + C_6H_5OH ⟶ H_2O + CO Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 O_2 + C_6H_5OH ⟶ 3 H_2O + 6 CO Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i O_2 | 4 | -4 C_6H_5OH | 1 | -1 H_2O | 3 | 3 CO | 6 | 6 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression O_2 | 4 | -4 | ([O2])^(-4) C_6H_5OH | 1 | -1 | ([C6H5OH])^(-1) H_2O | 3 | 3 | ([H2O])^3 CO | 6 | 6 | ([CO])^6 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([O2])^(-4) ([C6H5OH])^(-1) ([H2O])^3 ([CO])^6 = (([H2O])^3 ([CO])^6)/(([O2])^4 [C6H5OH])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: O_2 + C_6H_5OH ⟶ H_2O + CO Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 O_2 + C_6H_5OH ⟶ 3 H_2O + 6 CO Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i O_2 | 4 | -4 C_6H_5OH | 1 | -1 H_2O | 3 | 3 CO | 6 | 6 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term O_2 | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[O2])/(Δt) C_6H_5OH | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[C6H5OH])/(Δt) H_2O | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) CO | 6 | 6 | 1/6 (Δ[CO])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/4 (Δ[O2])/(Δt) = -(Δ[C6H5OH])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/6 (Δ[CO])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| oxygen | phenol | water | carbon monoxide formula | O_2 | C_6H_5OH | H_2O | CO Hill formula | O_2 | C_6H_6O | H_2O | CO name | oxygen | phenol | water | carbon monoxide IUPAC name | molecular oxygen | phenol | water | carbon monoxide

| oxygen | phenol | water | carbon monoxide molar mass | 31.998 g/mol | 94.11 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 28.01 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) melting point | -218 °C | 40.89 °C | 0 °C | -205 °C boiling point | -183 °C | 181.87 °C | 99.9839 °C | -191.5 °C density | 0.001429 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 1.071 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.001145 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) surface tension | 0.01347 N/m | 0.0382 N/m | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 2.055×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | -0.7771 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.772×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) odor | odorless | | odorless | odorless