beryllium vs calcium vs barium

beryllium (chemical element) | calcium (chemical element) | barium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| beryllium | calcium | barium atomic symbol | Be | Ca | Ba atomic number | 4 | 20 | 56 short electronic configuration | [He]2s^2 | [Ar]4s^2 | [Xe]6s^2 Aufbau diagram | 2s | 4s | 6s block | s | s | s group | 2 | 2 | 2 period | 2 | 4 | 6 atomic mass | 9.0121831 u | 40.078 u | 137.327 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| beryllium | calcium | barium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1287 °C | 842 °C | 727 °C boiling point | 2470 °C | 1484 °C | 1870 °C molar heat of fusion | 7.95 kJ/mol | 8.54 kJ/mol | 8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 297 kJ/mol | 155 kJ/mol | 140 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1820 J/(kg K) | 631 J/(kg K) | 205 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| beryllium | calcium | barium density | 1.848 g/cm^3 | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 3.51 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.69 g/cm^3 | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 3.338 g/cm^3 molar volume | 4.877 cm^3/mol | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 39.12 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 5.5 (between apatite and microcline) | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | 1.25 (between talc and gypsum) Vickers hardness | 1670 MPa | | (unknown) Brinell hardness | 600 MPa | 167 MPa | bulk modulus | 130 GPa | 17 GPa | 9.6 GPa shear modulus | 132 GPa | 7.4 GPa | 4.9 GPa Young's modulus | 287 GPa | 20 GPa | 13 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.032 | 0.31 | tensile yield strength | 240 MPa | | ultimate tensile strength | 370 MPa | | sound speed | 13000 m/s | 3810 m/s | 1620 m/s thermal expansion | 1.13×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.06×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 190 W/(m K) | 200 W/(m K) | 18 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| beryllium | calcium | barium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.5×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.9×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.328×10^-5 | 2.139×10^-5 | 3.966×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.26×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.136×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.552×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.98 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.52 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.204×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 6.093×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.026 K (kelvins) | | (unknown) color | (slate gray) | (silver) | (silver)

| beryllium | calcium | barium valence | 2 | 2 | 2 electronegativity | 1.57 | 1 | 0.89 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 13.95 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 899.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 502.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 899.5 kJ/mol | 1757.1 kJ/mol | 14848.7 kJ/mol | 21006.6 kJ/mol | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 502.9 kJ/mol | 965.2 kJ/mol | 3600 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| beryllium | calcium | barium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 105 pm | 180 pm | 215 pm covalent radius | 96 pm | 176 pm | 215 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| beryllium | calcium | barium universe abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 0.007 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 1×10^-8 mass% | 0.007 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 2.9×10^-6 mass% | 1.1 mass% | 2.7×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 1.9×10^-4 mass% | 5 mass% | 0.034 mass% ocean abundance | 6×10^-11 mass% | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% human abundance | 4×10^-8 mass% | 1.4 mass% | 3×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-8 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 9×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 7×10^-6 mol% | 0.52 mol% | 4.1×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 4.1×10^-11 mol% | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 1.4×10^-7 mol% crust molar abundance | 4.3×10^-4 mol% | 2.6 mol% | 0.0051 mol% human molar abundance | 3×10^-8 mol% | 0.22 mol% | 1.4×10^-6 mol%