barium vs rubidium vs cesium vs sodium

barium (chemical element) | rubidium (chemical element) | cesium (chemical element) | sodium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration barium | Ba | 56 | [Xe]6s^2 rubidium | Rb | 37 | [Kr]5s^1 cesium | Cs | 55 | [Xe]6s^1 sodium | Na | 11 | [Ne]3s^1 | Aufbau diagram | block | group barium | 6s | s | 2 rubidium | 5s | s | 1 cesium | 6s | s | 1 sodium | 3s | s | 1 | period | atomic mass | half-life barium | 6 | 137.327 u | (stable) rubidium | 5 | 85.4678 u | (stable) cesium | 6 | 132.90545196 u | (stable) sodium | 3 | 22.98976928 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 68.52 °C | highest | 727 °C (barium) | lowest | 28.44 °C (cesium) boiling point | median | 785 °C | highest | 1870 °C (barium) | lowest | 671 °C (cesium) critical temperature | median | 2093 K | highest | 2573 K (sodium) | lowest | 1938 K (cesium) | distribution | critical pressure | median | 16 MPa | highest | 35 MPa (sodium) | lowest | 9.4 MPa (cesium) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 2.39 kJ/mol | highest | 8 kJ/mol (barium) | lowest | 2.09 kJ/mol (cesium) molar heat of vaporization | median | 85 kJ/mol | highest | 140 kJ/mol (barium) | lowest | 65 kJ/mol (cesium) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 303 J/(kg K) | highest | 1230 J/(kg K) (sodium) | lowest | 205 J/(kg K) (barium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 1.705 g/cm^3 | highest | 3.51 g/cm^3 (barium) | lowest | 0.968 g/cm^3 (sodium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 1.651 g/cm^3 | highest | 3.338 g/cm^3 (barium) | lowest | 0.927 g/cm^3 (sodium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 47.46 cm^3/mol | highest | 70.73 cm^3/mol (cesium) | lowest | 23.7 cm^3/mol (sodium) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 0.4 | highest | 1.25 (between talc and gypsum) (barium) | lowest | 0.2 (between talc and gypsum) (cesium) | distribution | Brinell hardness | all | 0.14 MPa | 0.216 MPa | 0.69 MPa bulk modulus | median | 4.4 GPa | highest | 9.6 GPa (barium) | lowest | 1.6 GPa (cesium) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 6.2 GPa | highest | 13 GPa (barium) | lowest | 1.7 GPa (cesium) ultimate tensile strength | all | 10 MPa sound speed | median | 1620 m/s | highest | 3200 m/s (sodium) | lowest | 1300 m/s (rubidium) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 47 W/(m K) | highest | 140 W/(m K) (sodium) | lowest | 18 W/(m K) (barium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 1.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 3.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (barium) | lowest | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (sodium) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 6.7×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (sodium) | lowest | 2.9×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (barium) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 6.9×10^-6 | highest | 3.966×10^-5 (barium) | lowest | 3.98×10^-6 (rubidium) mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 5.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (barium) | lowest | 2.6×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (rubidium) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.97×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 1.552×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (barium) | lowest | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (sodium) work function | all | 1.95 eV | 2.26 eV | 2.36 eV | 2.52 eV

valence | median | 1 | highest | 2 (barium) | lowest | 1 (3 elements) electronegativity | median | 0.86 | highest | 0.93 (sodium) | lowest | 0.82 (rubidium and cesium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 46.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (sodium) | lowest | 13.95 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (barium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 449.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 502.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (barium) | lowest | 375.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (cesium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | median | 225 pm | highest | 260 pm (cesium) | lowest | 180 pm (sodium) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 217 pm | highest | 244 pm (cesium) | lowest | 166 pm (sodium) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 1×10^-6 mass% | highest | 0.002 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 8×10^-8 mass% (cesium) solar abundance | median | 2×10^-6 mass% | highest | 0.004 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 8×10^-7 mass% (cesium) meteorite abundance | median | 3×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.55 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 1.4×10^-5 mass% (cesium) crust abundance | median | 0.02 mass% | highest | 2.3 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 1.9×10^-4 mass% (cesium) ocean abundance | median | 7.5×10^-6 mass% | highest | 1.1 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 5×10^-8 mass% (cesium) human abundance | median | 2.4×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.14 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 2×10^-6 mass% (cesium) universe molar abundance | median | 9.5×10^-9 mol% | highest | 1×10^-4 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 1×10^-9 mol% (cesium) solar molar abundance | median | 2.5×10^-8 mol% | highest | 2×10^-4 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 7×10^-9 mol% (cesium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 5.9×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.48 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 2×10^-6 mol% (cesium) ocean molar abundance | median | 5×10^-7 mol% | highest | 0.3 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 2.3×10^-9 mol% (cesium) crust molar abundance | median | 0.0032 mol% | highest | 2.1 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 2.9×10^-5 mol% (cesium) human molar abundance | median | 1.8×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.038 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mol% (cesium)