silicon vs germanium vs praseodymium vs dysprosium

silicon (chemical element) | germanium (chemical element) | praseodymium (chemical element) | dysprosium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration silicon | Si | 14 | [Ne]3s^23p^2 germanium | Ge | 32 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^2 praseodymium | Pr | 59 | [Xe]6s^24f^3 dysprosium | Dy | 66 | [Xe]6s^24f^10 | Aufbau diagram | block | group silicon | 3p 3s | p | 14 germanium | 4p 3d 4s | p | 14 praseodymium | 4f 6s | f | dysprosium | 4f 6s | f | | period | atomic mass | half-life silicon | 3 | 28.085 u | (stable) germanium | 4 | 72.63 u | (stable) praseodymium | 6 | 140.90766 u | (stable) dysprosium | 6 | 162.5 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 1175 °C | highest | 1414 °C (silicon) | lowest | 931 °C (praseodymium) boiling point | median | 2900 °C | highest | 3290 °C (praseodymium) | lowest | 2567 °C (dysprosium) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 21.5 kJ/mol | highest | 50.2 kJ/mol (silicon) | lowest | 6.9 kJ/mol (praseodymium) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 332 kJ/mol | highest | 359 kJ/mol (silicon) | lowest | 280 kJ/mol (dysprosium) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 257 J/(kg K) | highest | 710 J/(kg K) (silicon) | lowest | 167 J/(kg K) (dysprosium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 5.981 g/cm^3 | highest | 8.551 g/cm^3 (dysprosium) | lowest | 2.33 g/cm^3 (silicon) | distribution | liquid density | median | 6.05 g/cm^3 | highest | 8.37 g/cm^3 (dysprosium) | lowest | 2.57 g/cm^3 (silicon) | distribution | molar volume | median | 16.32 cm^3/mol | highest | 21.22 cm^3/mol (praseodymium) | lowest | 12.05 cm^3/mol (silicon) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 3.9 | highest | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) (silicon) | lowest | 1.4 (between talc and gypsum) (praseodymium) Vickers hardness | all | 400 MPa | 540 MPa | 8010 MPa | 9630 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 481 MPa | 500 MPa | 7270 MPa bulk modulus | median | 41 GPa | highest | 100 GPa (silicon) | lowest | 29 GPa (praseodymium) Young's modulus | median | 47 GPa | highest | 61 GPa (dysprosium) | lowest | 37 GPa (praseodymium) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.25 | 0.28 ultimate tensile strength | all | 110 MPa | 246 MPa sound speed | median | 2495 m/s | highest | 5400 m/s (germanium) | lowest | 2200 m/s (silicon) thermal expansion | median | 6×10^-6 K^(-1) | highest | 9.9×10^-6 K^(-1) (dysprosium) | lowest | 2.6×10^-6 K^(-1) (silicon) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 37 W/(m K) | highest | 150 W/(m K) (silicon) | lowest | 11 W/(m K) (dysprosium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 2.5×10^-4 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 0.001 Ω m (ohm meters) (silicon) | lowest | 7×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (praseodymium) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 550000 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 1.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (praseodymium) | lowest | 1000 S/m (siemens per meter) (silicon) volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 0.0014025 | highest | 0.046603 (dysprosium) | lowest | -7.98×10^-6 (germanium) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.1075×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 5.45×10^-6 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (dysprosium) | lowest | -1.6×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (silicon) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.978×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 8.85625×10^-7 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (dysprosium) | lowest | -1.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (germanium) | distribution | work function | all | 5 eV | (4.6 to 4.91) eV

valence | median | 4 | highest | 4 (3 elements) | lowest | 3 (dysprosium) electronegativity | median | 1.56 | highest | 2.01 (germanium) | lowest | 1.13 (praseodymium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 85 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 133.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (silicon) | lowest | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (praseodymium and dysprosium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 668 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 786.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (silicon) | lowest | 527 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (praseodymium)

term symbol | all | ^3P_0 | ^4I_(9/2) | ^5I_8 atomic radius | median | 150 pm | highest | 185 pm (praseodymium) | lowest | 110 pm (silicon) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 156 pm | highest | 203 pm (praseodymium) | lowest | 111 pm (silicon) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 1×10^-5 mass% | highest | 0.07 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 2×10^-7 mass% (praseodymium and dysprosium) solar abundance | median | 1×10^-5 mass% | highest | 0.09 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mass% (praseodymium) meteorite abundance | median | 0.0011 mass% | highest | 14 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 9.8×10^-6 mass% (praseodymium) crust abundance | median | 7.4×10^-4 mass% | highest | 27 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 1.4×10^-4 mass% (germanium) ocean abundance | median | 3×10^-9 mass% | highest | 1×10^-4 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 6×10^-11 mass% (praseodymium) universe molar abundance | median | 1.5×10^-7 mol% | highest | 0.003 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 2×10^-9 mol% (praseodymium and dysprosium) solar molar abundance | median | 1.5×10^-7 mol% | highest | 0.004 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 5×10^-10 mol% (praseodymium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 2.5×10^-4 mol% | highest | 10 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 1×10^-6 mol% (praseodymium) ocean molar abundance | median | 2.6×10^-10 mol% | highest | 2.2×10^-5 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 2.6×10^-12 mol% (praseodymium) crust molar abundance | median | 1×10^-4 mol% | highest | 20 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 3.9×10^-5 mol% (germanium)