H2O + SO2 = H2 + SO3

H_2O water + SO_2 sulfur dioxide ⟶ H_2 hydrogen + SO_3 sulfur trioxide

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + SO_2 ⟶ H_2 + SO_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 SO_2 ⟶ c_3 H_2 + c_4 SO_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O and S: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | c_1 + 2 c_2 = 3 c_4 S: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + SO_2 ⟶ H_2 + SO_3

+ ⟶ +

water + sulfur dioxide ⟶ hydrogen + sulfur trioxide

| water | sulfur dioxide | hydrogen | sulfur trioxide molecular free energy | -237.1 kJ/mol | -300.1 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -373.8 kJ/mol total free energy | -237.1 kJ/mol | -300.1 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -373.8 kJ/mol | G_initial = -537.2 kJ/mol | | G_final = -373.8 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -373.8 kJ/mol - -537.2 kJ/mol = 163.4 kJ/mol (endergonic) | | |

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + SO_2 ⟶ H_2 + SO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + SO_2 ⟶ H_2 + SO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 SO_2 | 1 | -1 H_2 | 1 | 1 SO_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) SO_2 | 1 | -1 | ([SO2])^(-1) H_2 | 1 | 1 | [H2] SO_3 | 1 | 1 | [SO3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([SO2])^(-1) [H2] [SO3] = ([H2] [SO3])/([H2O] [SO2])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + SO_2 ⟶ H_2 + SO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + SO_2 ⟶ H_2 + SO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 SO_2 | 1 | -1 H_2 | 1 | 1 SO_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) SO_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[SO2])/(Δt) H_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2])/(Δt) SO_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[SO3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[SO2])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2])/(Δt) = (Δ[SO3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| water | sulfur dioxide | hydrogen | sulfur trioxide formula | H_2O | SO_2 | H_2 | SO_3 Hill formula | H_2O | O_2S | H_2 | O_3S name | water | sulfur dioxide | hydrogen | sulfur trioxide IUPAC name | water | sulfur dioxide | molecular hydrogen | sulfur trioxide

| water | sulfur dioxide | hydrogen | sulfur trioxide molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 64.06 g/mol | 2.016 g/mol | 80.06 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | gas (at STP) | liquid (at STP) melting point | 0 °C | -73 °C | -259.2 °C | 16.8 °C boiling point | 99.9839 °C | -10 °C | -252.8 °C | 44.7 °C density | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.002619 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 1.97 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | | | reacts surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | 0.02859 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.282×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 8.9×10^-6 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 0.00159 Pa s (at 30 °C) odor | odorless | | odorless |