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ruthenium vs iron vs osmium

Input interpretation

ruthenium (chemical element) | iron (chemical element) | osmium (chemical element)
ruthenium (chemical element) | iron (chemical element) | osmium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| ruthenium | iron | osmium atomic symbol | Ru | Fe | Os atomic number | 44 | 26 | 76 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^14d^7 | [Ar]4s^23d^6 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^6 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s | 3d 4s | 5d 4f 6s block | d | d | d group | 8 | 8 | 8 period | 5 | 4 | 6 atomic mass | 101.07 u | 55.845 u | 190.23 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| ruthenium | iron | osmium atomic symbol | Ru | Fe | Os atomic number | 44 | 26 | 76 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^14d^7 | [Ar]4s^23d^6 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^6 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s | 3d 4s | 5d 4f 6s block | d | d | d group | 8 | 8 | 8 period | 5 | 4 | 6 atomic mass | 101.07 u | 55.845 u | 190.23 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| ruthenium | iron | osmium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 2334 °C | 1538 °C | 3033 °C boiling point | 4150 °C | 2861 °C | 5012 °C molar heat of fusion | 25.7 kJ/mol | 13.8 kJ/mol | 31 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 580 kJ/mol | 347 kJ/mol | 630 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 238 J/(kg K) | 449 J/(kg K) | 130 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
| ruthenium | iron | osmium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 2334 °C | 1538 °C | 3033 °C boiling point | 4150 °C | 2861 °C | 5012 °C molar heat of fusion | 25.7 kJ/mol | 13.8 kJ/mol | 31 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 580 kJ/mol | 347 kJ/mol | 630 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 238 J/(kg K) | 449 J/(kg K) | 130 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| ruthenium | iron | osmium density | 12.37 g/cm^3 | 7.874 g/cm^3 | 22.59 g/cm^3 liquid density | 10.65 g/cm^3 | 6.98 g/cm^3 | 20 g/cm^3 molar volume | 8.171 cm^3/mol | 7.092 cm^3/mol | 8.421 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) | 4 (≈ fluorite) | 7 (≈ quartz) Vickers hardness | 2300 MPa | 608 MPa | 4140 MPa Brinell hardness | 2160 MPa | 490 MPa | 3920 MPa bulk modulus | 220 GPa | 170 GPa | shear modulus | 173 GPa | 82 GPa | 222 GPa Young's modulus | 447 GPa | 211 GPa | Poisson ratio | 0.3 | 0.29 | 0.25 tensile yield strength | | 50 MPa | sound speed | 5970 m/s | 4910 m/s | 4940 m/s thermal expansion | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.18×10^-5 K^(-1) | 5.1×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 120 W/(m K) | 80 W/(m K) | 88 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| ruthenium | iron | osmium density | 12.37 g/cm^3 | 7.874 g/cm^3 | 22.59 g/cm^3 liquid density | 10.65 g/cm^3 | 6.98 g/cm^3 | 20 g/cm^3 molar volume | 8.171 cm^3/mol | 7.092 cm^3/mol | 8.421 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) | 4 (≈ fluorite) | 7 (≈ quartz) Vickers hardness | 2300 MPa | 608 MPa | 4140 MPa Brinell hardness | 2160 MPa | 490 MPa | 3920 MPa bulk modulus | 220 GPa | 170 GPa | shear modulus | 173 GPa | 82 GPa | 222 GPa Young's modulus | 447 GPa | 211 GPa | Poisson ratio | 0.3 | 0.29 | 0.25 tensile yield strength | | 50 MPa | sound speed | 5970 m/s | 4910 m/s | 4940 m/s thermal expansion | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.18×10^-5 K^(-1) | 5.1×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 120 W/(m K) | 80 W/(m K) | 88 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| ruthenium | iron | osmium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 7.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 9.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 8.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | ferromagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 6.7×10^-5 | | 1.4×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 5.42×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | | 6×10^-10 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.48×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | | 1.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | | 1043 K (kelvins) | work function | 4.71 eV (Polycrystalline) | (4.67 to 4.81) eV | 5.93 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.139×10^15 Hz (hertz) | (1.129×10^15 to 1.163×10^15) Hz (hertz) | 1.434×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.49 K (kelvins) | (unknown) | 0.66 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (gray) | (slate gray)
| ruthenium | iron | osmium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 7.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 9.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 8.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | ferromagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 6.7×10^-5 | | 1.4×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 5.42×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | | 6×10^-10 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.48×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | | 1.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | | 1043 K (kelvins) | work function | 4.71 eV (Polycrystalline) | (4.67 to 4.81) eV | 5.93 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.139×10^15 Hz (hertz) | (1.129×10^15 to 1.163×10^15) Hz (hertz) | 1.434×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.49 K (kelvins) | (unknown) | 0.66 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (gray) | (slate gray)

Reactivity

| ruthenium | iron | osmium valence | 6 | 3 | 6 electronegativity | 2.2 | 1.83 | 2.2 electron affinity | 101.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 15.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 106.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 710.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 762.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 840 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 710.2 kJ/mol | 1620 kJ/mol | 2747 kJ/mol | 762.5 kJ/mol | 1561.9 kJ/mol | 2957 kJ/mol | 5290 kJ/mol | 7240 kJ/mol | 9560 kJ/mol | 12060 kJ/mol | 14580 kJ/mol | 22540 kJ/mol | 25290 kJ/mol | 28000 kJ/mol | 31920 kJ/mol | 34830 kJ/mol | 37840 kJ/mol | 44100 kJ/mol | 47206 kJ/mol | 122200 kJ/mol | 131000 kJ/mol | 140500 kJ/mol | 152600 kJ/mol | 163000 kJ/mol | 840 kJ/mol | 1600 kJ/mol
| ruthenium | iron | osmium valence | 6 | 3 | 6 electronegativity | 2.2 | 1.83 | 2.2 electron affinity | 101.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 15.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 106.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 710.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 762.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 840 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 710.2 kJ/mol | 1620 kJ/mol | 2747 kJ/mol | 762.5 kJ/mol | 1561.9 kJ/mol | 2957 kJ/mol | 5290 kJ/mol | 7240 kJ/mol | 9560 kJ/mol | 12060 kJ/mol | 14580 kJ/mol | 22540 kJ/mol | 25290 kJ/mol | 28000 kJ/mol | 31920 kJ/mol | 34830 kJ/mol | 37840 kJ/mol | 44100 kJ/mol | 47206 kJ/mol | 122200 kJ/mol | 131000 kJ/mol | 140500 kJ/mol | 152600 kJ/mol | 163000 kJ/mol | 840 kJ/mol | 1600 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| ruthenium | iron | osmium term symbol | ^5F_5 | ^5D_4 | ^5D_4 atomic radius | 130 pm | 140 pm | 130 pm covalent radius | 146 pm | 132 pm | 144 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| ruthenium | iron | osmium term symbol | ^5F_5 | ^5D_4 | ^5D_4 atomic radius | 130 pm | 140 pm | 130 pm covalent radius | 146 pm | 132 pm | 144 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| ruthenium | iron | osmium universe abundance | 4×10^-7 mass% | 0.11 mass% | 3×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 5×10^-7 mass% | 0.1 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 8.1×10^-5 mass% | 22 mass% | 6.6×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 9.9×10^-8 mass% | 6.3 mass% | 1.8×10^-7 mass% ocean abundance | 7×10^-11 mass% | 3×10^-7 mass% | human abundance | | 0.006 mass% | universe molar abundance | 5×10^-9 mol% | 0.002 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 6×10^-9 mol% | 0.003 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1.6×10^-5 mol% | 7.8 mol% | 7×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 4.3×10^-12 mol% | 3.3×10^-8 mol% | crust molar abundance | 2×10^-8 mol% | 2.3 mol% | 2×10^-8 mol% human molar abundance | | 6.7×10^-4 mol% |
| ruthenium | iron | osmium universe abundance | 4×10^-7 mass% | 0.11 mass% | 3×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 5×10^-7 mass% | 0.1 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 8.1×10^-5 mass% | 22 mass% | 6.6×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 9.9×10^-8 mass% | 6.3 mass% | 1.8×10^-7 mass% ocean abundance | 7×10^-11 mass% | 3×10^-7 mass% | human abundance | | 0.006 mass% | universe molar abundance | 5×10^-9 mol% | 0.002 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 6×10^-9 mol% | 0.003 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1.6×10^-5 mol% | 7.8 mol% | 7×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 4.3×10^-12 mol% | 3.3×10^-8 mol% | crust molar abundance | 2×10^-8 mol% | 2.3 mol% | 2×10^-8 mol% human molar abundance | | 6.7×10^-4 mol% |

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