cadmium vs palladium vs silver

cadmium (chemical element) | palladium (chemical element) | silver (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| cadmium | palladium | silver atomic symbol | Cd | Pd | Ag atomic number | 48 | 46 | 47 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^10 | [Kr]4d^10 | [Kr]5s^14d^10 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s | 4d | 4d 5s block | d | d | d group | 12 | 10 | 11 period | 5 | 5 | 5 atomic mass | 112.414 u | 106.42 u | 107.8682 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| cadmium | palladium | silver phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 321.07 °C | 1554.9 °C | 961.78 °C boiling point | 767 °C | 2963 °C | 2162 °C molar heat of fusion | 6.3 kJ/mol | 16.7 kJ/mol | 11.3 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 100 kJ/mol | 380 kJ/mol | 255 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 230 J/(kg K) | 240 J/(kg K) | 235 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| cadmium | palladium | silver density | 8.65 g/cm^3 | 12.023 g/cm^3 | 10.49 g/cm^3 liquid density | 7.996 g/cm^3 | 10.38 g/cm^3 | 9.32 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13 cm^3/mol | 8.851 cm^3/mol | 10.283 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2 (≈ gypsum) | 4.75 (between apatite and fluorite) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) Vickers hardness | | 461 MPa | 251 MPa Brinell hardness | 203 MPa | 37.3 MPa | 24.5 MPa bulk modulus | 42 GPa | 180 GPa | 100 GPa shear modulus | 19 GPa | 44 GPa | 30 GPa Young's modulus | 50 GPa | 121 GPa | 83 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.3 | 0.39 | 0.37 ultimate tensile strength | 75 MPa | 180 MPa | 140 MPa sound speed | 2310 m/s | 3070 m/s | 2600 m/s thermal expansion | 3.08×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.18×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.89×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 97 W/(m K) | 72 W/(m K) | 430 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| cadmium | palladium | silver electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 6.2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | paramagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.99×10^-5 | 7.899×10^-4 | -2.38×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -2.3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 6.57×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.27×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -2.59×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 6.992×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.08 eV (Polycrystalline) | (5.22 to 5.6) eV | (4.52 to 4.74) eV threshold frequency | 9.865×10^14 Hz (hertz) | (1.262×10^15 to 1.354×10^15) Hz (hertz) | (1.093×10^15 to 1.146×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.517 K (kelvins) | | color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| cadmium | palladium | silver valence | 2 | 4 | 1 electronegativity | 1.69 | 2.2 | 1.93 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 53.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 125.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 867.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 804.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 731 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 867.8 kJ/mol | 1631.4 kJ/mol | 3616 kJ/mol | 804.4 kJ/mol | 1870 kJ/mol | 3177 kJ/mol | 731 kJ/mol | 2070 kJ/mol | 3361 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| cadmium | palladium | silver term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 155 pm | 140 pm | 160 pm covalent radius | 144 pm | 139 pm | 145 pm van der Waals radius | 158 pm | 163 pm | 172 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| cadmium | palladium | silver universe abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% | 6×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | 6×10^-7 mass% | 3×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 4.4×10^-5 mass% | 6.6×10^-5 mass% | 1.4×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 1.5×10^-5 mass% | 6.3×10^-7 mass% | 7.9×10^-6 mass% ocean abundance | 5×10^-9 mass% | | 1×10^-8 mass% human abundance | 7×10^-5 mass% | | universe molar abundance | 2×10^-9 mol% | 2×10^-9 mol% | 7×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | 7×10^-9 mol% | 4×10^-9 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 6×10^-6 mol% | 1.3×10^-5 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.8×10^-10 mol% | | 5.7×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% | 9.9×10^-8 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% human molar abundance | 3.9×10^-6 mol% | |