H2O + Li = H2 + LiO

H_2O water + Li lithium ⟶ H_2 hydrogen + LiO

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + Li ⟶ H_2 + LiO Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 Li ⟶ c_3 H_2 + c_4 LiO Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O and Li: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | c_1 = c_4 Li: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + Li ⟶ H_2 + LiO

+ ⟶ + LiO

water + lithium ⟶ hydrogen + LiO

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + Li ⟶ H_2 + LiO Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Li ⟶ H_2 + LiO Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Li | 1 | -1 H_2 | 1 | 1 LiO | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) Li | 1 | -1 | ([Li])^(-1) H_2 | 1 | 1 | [H2] LiO | 1 | 1 | [LiO] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([Li])^(-1) [H2] [LiO] = ([H2] [LiO])/([H2O] [Li])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + Li ⟶ H_2 + LiO Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Li ⟶ H_2 + LiO Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Li | 1 | -1 H_2 | 1 | 1 LiO | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Li | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Li])/(Δt) H_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2])/(Δt) LiO | 1 | 1 | (Δ[LiO])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Li])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2])/(Δt) = (Δ[LiO])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| water | lithium | hydrogen | LiO formula | H_2O | Li | H_2 | LiO name | water | lithium | hydrogen | IUPAC name | water | lithium | molecular hydrogen |

| water | lithium | hydrogen | LiO molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 6.94 g/mol | 2.016 g/mol | 22.94 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | melting point | 0 °C | 180 °C | -259.2 °C | boiling point | 99.9839 °C | 1342 °C | -252.8 °C | density | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.534 g/cm^3 | 8.99×10^-5 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | solubility in water | | decomposes | | surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | 0.3975 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 8.9×10^-6 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless |