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calcium

Input interpretation

calcium (chemical element)
calcium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Image

Image
Image

Basic elemental properties

atomic symbol | Ca atomic number | 20 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^2 Aufbau diagram | 4s block | s group | 2 period | 4 atomic mass | 40.078 u (unified atomic mass units)
atomic symbol | Ca atomic number | 20 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^2 Aufbau diagram | 4s block | s group | 2 period | 4 atomic mass | 40.078 u (unified atomic mass units)

Thermodynamic properties

phase at STP | solid melting point | 842 °C (rank: 55th) boiling point | 1484 °C (rank: 63rd) molar heat of fusion | 8.54 kJ/mol (rank: 51st) molar heat of vaporization | 155 kJ/mol (rank: 60th) specific heat at STP | 631 J/(kg K) (rank: 19th) (properties at standard conditions)
phase at STP | solid melting point | 842 °C (rank: 55th) boiling point | 1484 °C (rank: 63rd) molar heat of fusion | 8.54 kJ/mol (rank: 51st) molar heat of vaporization | 155 kJ/mol (rank: 60th) specific heat at STP | 631 J/(kg K) (rank: 19th) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

density | 1.55 g/cm^3 (rank: 81st) liquid density | 1.378 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.86 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) Brinell hardness | 167 MPa (rank: 48th) bulk modulus | 17 GPa (rank: 56th) shear modulus | 7.4 GPa Young's modulus | 20 GPa (rank: 52nd) Poisson ratio | 0.31 (rank: 18th) sound speed | 3810 m/s (rank: 22nd) thermal expansion | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 15th) thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m K) (rank: 5th) (properties at standard conditions)
density | 1.55 g/cm^3 (rank: 81st) liquid density | 1.378 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.86 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) Brinell hardness | 167 MPa (rank: 48th) bulk modulus | 17 GPa (rank: 56th) shear modulus | 7.4 GPa Young's modulus | 20 GPa (rank: 52nd) Poisson ratio | 0.31 (rank: 18th) sound speed | 3810 m/s (rank: 22nd) thermal expansion | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 15th) thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m K) (rank: 5th) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

electrical type | conductor resistivity | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.139×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver)
electrical type | conductor resistivity | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.139×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver)

Reactivity

valence | 2 electronegativity | 1 electron affinity | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol
valence | 2 electronegativity | 1 electron affinity | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

term symbol | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 180 pm covalent radius | 176 pm (electronic ground state properties)
term symbol | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 180 pm covalent radius | 176 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral calcium atomic spectrum)
(neutral calcium atomic spectrum)

Abundances

universe abundance | 0.007 mass% (rank: 12th) solar abundance | 0.007 mass% (rank: 12th) meteorite abundance | 1.1 mass% (rank: 9th) crust abundance | 5 mass% (rank: 5th) ocean abundance | 4.2×10^-4 mass% (rank: 12th) human abundance | 1.4 mass% (rank: 5th) universe molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% (rank: 13th) solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% (rank: 15th) meteorite molar abundance | 0.52 mol% (rank: 9th) ocean molar abundance | 6.5×10^-5 mol% (rank: 11th) crust molar abundance | 2.6 mol% (rank: 5th) human molar abundance | 0.22 mol% (rank: 5th)
universe abundance | 0.007 mass% (rank: 12th) solar abundance | 0.007 mass% (rank: 12th) meteorite abundance | 1.1 mass% (rank: 9th) crust abundance | 5 mass% (rank: 5th) ocean abundance | 4.2×10^-4 mass% (rank: 12th) human abundance | 1.4 mass% (rank: 5th) universe molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% (rank: 13th) solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% (rank: 15th) meteorite molar abundance | 0.52 mol% (rank: 9th) ocean molar abundance | 6.5×10^-5 mol% (rank: 11th) crust molar abundance | 2.6 mol% (rank: 5th) human molar abundance | 0.22 mol% (rank: 5th)

Nuclear properties

half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Ca-40 (96.94%) | Ca-44 (2.09%) | Ca-42 (0.647%) | Ca-43 (0.135%) | Ca-46 (4×10^-5) nuclear spin | Ca-34: 0^+ | Ca-35: 1/2^+ | Ca-36: 0^+ | Ca-37: 3/2^+ | Ca-38: 0^+ | Ca-39: 3/2^+ | Ca-40: 0^+ | Ca-41: 7/2^- | Ca-42: 0^+ | Ca-43: 7/2^- | Ca-44: 0^+ | Ca-45: 7/2^- | Ca-46: 0^+ | Ca-47: 7/2^- | Ca-48: 0^+ | Ca-49: 3/2^- | Ca-50: 0^+ | Ca-51: 3/2^- | Ca-52: 0^+ | Ca-54: 0^+ | Ca-55: 5/2^- | Ca-56: 0^+ | Ca-57: 5/2^- unstable isotopes | Ca-48 (1.9×10^19 yr) | Ca-41 (0.102 Myr) | Ca-45 (162.61 days) | Ca-47 (108.9 h) | Ca-49 (8.718 min) | Ca-50 (13.9 s) | Ca-51 (10 s) | Ca-52 (4.6 s) | Ca-39 (859.6 ms) | Ca-38 (440 ms) | Ca-37 (181.1 ms) | Ca-36 (102 ms) | Ca-53 (90 ms) | Ca-55 (30 ms) | Ca-35 (25.7 ms) | Ca-56 (10 ms) | Ca-57 (5 ms) | Ca-54 (300 ns) | Ca-34 (35 ns) neutron cross-section | 0.43 b neutron mass absorption | 3.7×10^-4 m^2/kg
half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Ca-40 (96.94%) | Ca-44 (2.09%) | Ca-42 (0.647%) | Ca-43 (0.135%) | Ca-46 (4×10^-5) nuclear spin | Ca-34: 0^+ | Ca-35: 1/2^+ | Ca-36: 0^+ | Ca-37: 3/2^+ | Ca-38: 0^+ | Ca-39: 3/2^+ | Ca-40: 0^+ | Ca-41: 7/2^- | Ca-42: 0^+ | Ca-43: 7/2^- | Ca-44: 0^+ | Ca-45: 7/2^- | Ca-46: 0^+ | Ca-47: 7/2^- | Ca-48: 0^+ | Ca-49: 3/2^- | Ca-50: 0^+ | Ca-51: 3/2^- | Ca-52: 0^+ | Ca-54: 0^+ | Ca-55: 5/2^- | Ca-56: 0^+ | Ca-57: 5/2^- unstable isotopes | Ca-48 (1.9×10^19 yr) | Ca-41 (0.102 Myr) | Ca-45 (162.61 days) | Ca-47 (108.9 h) | Ca-49 (8.718 min) | Ca-50 (13.9 s) | Ca-51 (10 s) | Ca-52 (4.6 s) | Ca-39 (859.6 ms) | Ca-38 (440 ms) | Ca-37 (181.1 ms) | Ca-36 (102 ms) | Ca-53 (90 ms) | Ca-55 (30 ms) | Ca-35 (25.7 ms) | Ca-56 (10 ms) | Ca-57 (5 ms) | Ca-54 (300 ns) | Ca-34 (35 ns) neutron cross-section | 0.43 b neutron mass absorption | 3.7×10^-4 m^2/kg

Identifiers

CAS number | 7440-70-2 PubChem CID number | 5460341
CAS number | 7440-70-2 PubChem CID number | 5460341

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