magnesium vs phosphorus vs aluminum

magnesium (chemical element) | phosphorus (chemical element) | aluminum (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| magnesium | phosphorus | aluminum atomic symbol | Mg | P | Al atomic number | 12 | 15 | 13 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^2 | [Ne]3s^23p^3 | [Ne]3s^23p^1 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 3p 3s | 3p 3s block | s | p | p group | 2 | 15 | 13 period | 3 | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 24.305 u | 30.973761998 u | 26.9815385 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| magnesium | phosphorus | aluminum phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 650 °C | 44.2 °C | 660.32 °C boiling point | 1090 °C | 280.5 °C | 2519 °C molar heat of fusion | 8.7 kJ/mol | 0.64 kJ/mol | 10.7 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 128 kJ/mol | 12.4 kJ/mol | 293 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1020 J/(kg K) | 769.7 J/(kg K) | 904 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| magnesium | phosphorus | aluminum density | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 1.823 g/cm^3 | 2.7 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.584 g/cm^3 | | 2.375 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 16.99 cm^3/mol | 10 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | | 2.75 (between calcite and gypsum) Vickers hardness | (unknown) | | 167 MPa Brinell hardness | 260 MPa | | 245 MPa bulk modulus | 45 GPa | 11 GPa | 76 GPa shear modulus | 17 GPa | | 26 GPa Young's modulus | 45 GPa | | 70 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.29 | | 0.35 refractive index | (unknown) | 1.001212 | sound speed | 4602 m/s | | 5100 m/s thermal expansion | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | | 2.31×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 160 W/(m K) | 0.236 W/(m K) | 235 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| magnesium | phosphorus | aluminum electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 3.8×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.2×10^-5 | -2.06×10^-5 | 2.11×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 7.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.5×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | | (4.06 to 4.26) eV threshold frequency | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | | (9.817×10^14 to 1.03×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | (unknown) | | 1.175 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (colorless) | (silver) refractive index | (unknown) | 1.001212 |

| magnesium | phosphorus | aluminum valence | 2 | 5 | 3 electronegativity | 1.31 | 2.19 | 1.61 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 72 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 42.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1011.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 577.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 1011.8 kJ/mol | 1907 kJ/mol | 2914.1 kJ/mol | 4963.6 kJ/mol | 6273.9 kJ/mol | 21267 kJ/mol | 25431 kJ/mol | 29872 kJ/mol | 35905 kJ/mol | 40950 kJ/mol | 577.5 kJ/mol | 1816.7 kJ/mol | 2744.8 kJ/mol | 11577 kJ/mol | 14842 kJ/mol | 18379 kJ/mol | 23326 kJ/mol | 27465 kJ/mol | 31853 kJ/mol | 38473 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| magnesium | phosphorus | aluminum term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^4S_(3/2) | ^2P_(1/2) atomic radius | 150 pm | 100 pm | 125 pm covalent radius | 141 pm | 107 pm | 121 pm van der Waals radius | 173 pm | 180 pm | (electronic ground state properties)

| magnesium | phosphorus | aluminum universe abundance | 0.06 mass% | 7×10^-4 mass% | 0.005 mass% solar abundance | 0.07 mass% | 7×10^-4 mass% | 0.006 mass% meteorite abundance | 12 mass% | 0.11 mass% | 0.91 mass% crust abundance | 2.9 mass% | 0.099 mass% | 8.1 mass% ocean abundance | 0.13 mass% | 7×10^-6 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% human abundance | 0.027 mass% | 1.1 mass% | 9×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% | 3×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 10 mol% | 0.07 mol% | 0.67 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.034 mol% | 1.4×10^-6 mol% | 1.1×10^-7 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.5 mol% | 0.07 mol% | 6.3 mol% human molar abundance | 0.007 mol% | 0.22 mol% | 2.1×10^-5 mol%