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chlorine vs sulfur vs polonium

Input interpretation

chlorine (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | polonium (chemical element)
chlorine (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | polonium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| chlorine | sulfur | polonium atomic symbol | Cl | S | Po atomic number | 17 | 16 | 84 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^4 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 3p 3s | 6p 5d 4f 6s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 16 | 16 period | 3 | 3 | 6 atomic mass | 35.45 u | 32.06 u | 209 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | 102 yr
| chlorine | sulfur | polonium atomic symbol | Cl | S | Po atomic number | 17 | 16 | 84 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^4 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 3p 3s | 6p 5d 4f 6s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 16 | 16 period | 3 | 3 | 6 atomic mass | 35.45 u | 32.06 u | 209 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | 102 yr

Thermodynamic properties

| chlorine | sulfur | polonium phase at STP | gas | solid | solid melting point | -101.5 °C | 115.21 °C | 254 °C boiling point | -34.04 °C | 444.72 °C | 962 °C critical temperature | 416.9 K | 1314 K | critical pressure | 7.991 MPa | 20.7 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 3.2 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol | 13 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 10.2 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol | 100 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) | adiabatic index | 7/5 | | (properties at standard conditions)
| chlorine | sulfur | polonium phase at STP | gas | solid | solid melting point | -101.5 °C | 115.21 °C | 254 °C boiling point | -34.04 °C | 444.72 °C | 962 °C critical temperature | 416.9 K | 1314 K | critical pressure | 7.991 MPa | 20.7 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 3.2 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol | 13 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 10.2 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol | 100 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) | adiabatic index | 7/5 | | (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| chlorine | sulfur | polonium density | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 9.196 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 1.819 g/cm^3 | molar volume | 11030 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 22.7 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 2 (≈ gypsum) | bulk modulus | 1.1 GPa | 7.7 GPa | refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001111 | sound speed | 206 m/s | | thermal conductivity | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) | (properties at standard conditions)
| chlorine | sulfur | polonium density | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 9.196 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 1.819 g/cm^3 | molar volume | 11030 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 22.7 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 2 (≈ gypsum) | bulk modulus | 1.1 GPa | 7.7 GPa | refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001111 | sound speed | 206 m/s | | thermal conductivity | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) | (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| chlorine | sulfur | polonium electrical type | insulator | insulator | conductor resistivity | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.22×10^-5 | mass magnetic susceptibility | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | molar magnetic susceptibility | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | color | (yellow) | (yellow) | (silver) refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001111 |
| chlorine | sulfur | polonium electrical type | insulator | insulator | conductor resistivity | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.22×10^-5 | mass magnetic susceptibility | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | molar magnetic susceptibility | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | color | (yellow) | (yellow) | (silver) refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001111 |

Reactivity

| chlorine | sulfur | polonium valence | 5 | 6 | 6 electronegativity | 3.16 | 2.58 | 2 electron affinity | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 183.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 812.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 812.1 kJ/mol
| chlorine | sulfur | polonium valence | 5 | 6 | 6 electronegativity | 3.16 | 2.58 | 2 electron affinity | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 183.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 812.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 812.1 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| chlorine | sulfur | polonium term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_2 | ^3P_2 atomic radius | 100 pm | 100 pm | 190 pm covalent radius | 102 pm | 105 pm | 140 pm van der Waals radius | 175 pm | 180 pm | (electronic ground state properties)
| chlorine | sulfur | polonium term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_2 | ^3P_2 atomic radius | 100 pm | 100 pm | 190 pm covalent radius | 102 pm | 105 pm | 140 pm van der Waals radius | 175 pm | 180 pm | (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| chlorine | sulfur | polonium universe abundance | 1×10^-4 mass% | 0.05 mass% | solar abundance | 8×10^-4 mass% | 0.04 mass% | meteorite abundance | 0.037 mass% | 4 mass% | crust abundance | 0.017 mass% | 0.042 mass% | ocean abundance | 2 mass% | 0.093 mass% | 2×10^-18 mass% human abundance | 0.12 mass% | 0.2 mass% | 0 mass% universe molar abundance | 4×10^-6 mol% | 0.002 mol% | solar molar abundance | 3×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | meteorite molar abundance | 0.016 mol% | 2.2 mol% | ocean molar abundance | 0.35 mol% | 0.018 mol% | 6×10^-6 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0099 mol% | 0.027 mol% | human molar abundance | 0.021 mol% | 0.039 mol% | 0 mol%
| chlorine | sulfur | polonium universe abundance | 1×10^-4 mass% | 0.05 mass% | solar abundance | 8×10^-4 mass% | 0.04 mass% | meteorite abundance | 0.037 mass% | 4 mass% | crust abundance | 0.017 mass% | 0.042 mass% | ocean abundance | 2 mass% | 0.093 mass% | 2×10^-18 mass% human abundance | 0.12 mass% | 0.2 mass% | 0 mass% universe molar abundance | 4×10^-6 mol% | 0.002 mol% | solar molar abundance | 3×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | meteorite molar abundance | 0.016 mol% | 2.2 mol% | ocean molar abundance | 0.35 mol% | 0.018 mol% | 6×10^-6 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0099 mol% | 0.027 mol% | human molar abundance | 0.021 mol% | 0.039 mol% | 0 mol%

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