O2 + Be = BeO

O_2 oxygen + Be beryllium ⟶ BeO beryllium oxide

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: O_2 + Be ⟶ BeO Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 O_2 + c_2 Be ⟶ c_3 BeO Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for O and Be: O: | 2 c_1 = c_3 Be: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | O_2 + 2 Be ⟶ 2 BeO

+ ⟶

oxygen + beryllium ⟶ beryllium oxide

| oxygen | beryllium | beryllium oxide molecular enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -609.4 kJ/mol total enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -1219 kJ/mol | H_initial = 0 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1219 kJ/mol ΔH_rxn^0 | -1219 kJ/mol - 0 kJ/mol = -1219 kJ/mol (exothermic) | |

| oxygen | beryllium | beryllium oxide molecular entropy | 205 J/(mol K) | 10 J/(mol K) | 14 J/(mol K) total entropy | 205 J/(mol K) | 20 J/(mol K) | 28 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 225 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 28 J/(mol K) ΔS_rxn^0 | 28 J/(mol K) - 225 J/(mol K) = -197 J/(mol K) (exoentropic) | |

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: O_2 + Be ⟶ BeO Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: O_2 + 2 Be ⟶ 2 BeO Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i O_2 | 1 | -1 Be | 2 | -2 BeO | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression O_2 | 1 | -1 | ([O2])^(-1) Be | 2 | -2 | ([Be])^(-2) BeO | 2 | 2 | ([BeO])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([O2])^(-1) ([Be])^(-2) ([BeO])^2 = ([BeO])^2/([O2] ([Be])^2)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: O_2 + Be ⟶ BeO Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: O_2 + 2 Be ⟶ 2 BeO Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i O_2 | 1 | -1 Be | 2 | -2 BeO | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term O_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[O2])/(Δt) Be | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Be])/(Δt) BeO | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[BeO])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[O2])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[Be])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[BeO])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| oxygen | beryllium | beryllium oxide formula | O_2 | Be | BeO name | oxygen | beryllium | beryllium oxide IUPAC name | molecular oxygen | beryllium | oxoberyllium

| oxygen | beryllium | beryllium oxide molar mass | 31.998 g/mol | 9.0121831 g/mol | 25.011 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | -218 °C | 1278 °C | 2410 °C boiling point | -183 °C | 2970 °C | 4300 °C density | 0.001429 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 1.85 g/cm^3 | 3.01 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | insoluble | insoluble surface tension | 0.01347 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 2.055×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | odorless | |