potassium vs zinc vs copper

potassium (chemical element) | zinc (chemical element) | copper (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| potassium | zinc | copper atomic symbol | K | Zn | Cu atomic number | 19 | 30 | 29 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^1 | [Ar]4s^23d^10 | [Ar]4s^13d^10 Aufbau diagram | 4s | 3d 4s | 3d 4s block | s | d | d group | 1 | 12 | 11 period | 4 | 4 | 4 atomic mass | 39.0983 u | 65.38 u | 63.546 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| potassium | zinc | copper phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 63.38 °C | 419.53 °C | 1084.62 °C boiling point | 759 °C | 907 °C | 2562 °C critical temperature | 2223 K | | critical pressure | 16 MPa | | molar heat of fusion | 2.33 kJ/mol | 7.35 kJ/mol | 13.1 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 76.9 kJ/mol | 119 kJ/mol | 300 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 757 J/(kg K) | 388 J/(kg K) | 384.4 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| potassium | zinc | copper density | 0.856 g/cm^3 | 7.14 g/cm^3 | 8.96 g/cm^3 liquid density | 0.828 g/cm^3 | 6.57 g/cm^3 | 8.02 g/cm^3 molar volume | 45.7 cm^3/mol | 9.16 cm^3/mol | 7.092 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.4 (between talc and gypsum) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 3 (≈ calcite) Vickers hardness | | | 369 MPa Brinell hardness | 0.363 MPa | 412 MPa | 874 MPa bulk modulus | 3.1 GPa | 70 GPa | 140 GPa shear modulus | 1.3 GPa | 43 GPa | 48 GPa Young's modulus | | 108 GPa | 130 GPa Poisson ratio | | 0.25 | 0.34 ultimate tensile strength | | 37 MPa | refractive index | | 1.00205 | sound speed | 2000 m/s | 3700 m/s | 3570 m/s thermal expansion | | 3.02×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.65×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 100 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) | 400 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| potassium | zinc | copper electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 5.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 5.74×10^-6 | -1.58×10^-5 | -9.63×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.21×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.08×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.62×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -6.86×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.29 eV (Polycrystalline) | (3.63 to 4.9) eV | (4.48 to 5.1) eV threshold frequency | 5.537×10^14 Hz (hertz) | (8.777×10^14 to 1.185×10^15) Hz (hertz) | (1.083×10^15 to 1.233×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 0.85 K (kelvins) | color | (silver) | (slate gray) | (copper) refractive index | | 1.00205 |

| potassium | zinc | copper valence | 1 | 2 | 2 electronegativity | 0.82 | 1.65 | 1.9 electron affinity | 48.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 118.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 418.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 745.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 418.8 kJ/mol | 3052 kJ/mol | 4420 kJ/mol | 5877 kJ/mol | 7975 kJ/mol | 9590 kJ/mol | 11343 kJ/mol | 14944 kJ/mol | 16963.7 kJ/mol | 48610 kJ/mol | 906.4 kJ/mol | 1733.3 kJ/mol | 3833 kJ/mol | 5731 kJ/mol | 7970 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12900 kJ/mol | 16800 kJ/mol | 19600 kJ/mol | 23000 kJ/mol | 26400 kJ/mol | 29990 kJ/mol | 40490 kJ/mol | 43800 kJ/mol | 47300 kJ/mol | 52300 kJ/mol | 55900 kJ/mol | 59700 kJ/mol | 67300 kJ/mol | 71200 kJ/mol | 179100 kJ/mol | 745.5 kJ/mol | 1957.9 kJ/mol | 3555 kJ/mol | 5536 kJ/mol | 7700 kJ/mol | 9900 kJ/mol | 13400 kJ/mol | 16000 kJ/mol | 19200 kJ/mol | 22400 kJ/mol | 25600 kJ/mol | 35600 kJ/mol | 38700 kJ/mol | 42000 kJ/mol | 46700 kJ/mol | 50200 kJ/mol | 53700 kJ/mol | 61100 kJ/mol | 64702 kJ/mol | 163700 kJ/mol | 174100 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| potassium | zinc | copper term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 220 pm | 135 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 203 pm | 122 pm | 132 pm van der Waals radius | 275 pm | 139 pm | 140 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| potassium | zinc | copper universe abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% | 3×10^-5 mass% | 6×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 4×10^-4 mass% | 2×10^-4 mass% | 7×10^-5 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.07 mass% | 0.018 mass% | 0.011 mass% crust abundance | 1.5 mass% | 0.0078 mass% | 0.0068 mass% ocean abundance | 0.042 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% | 3×10^-7 mass% human abundance | 0.2 mass% | 0.0033 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-5 mol% | 6×10^-7 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% | 9.9×10^-7 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.037 mol% | 0.0044 mol% | 0.0031 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.0066 mol% | 4.7×10^-8 mol% | 2.9×10^-8 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.78 mol% | 0.0025 mol% | 0.0022 mol% human molar abundance | 0.032 mol% | 3.2×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-6 mol%