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HNO3 + Bi2S3 = H2O + NO + Bi2(SO4)3

Input interpretation

HNO_3 nitric acid + Bi_2S_3 bismuth sulfide ⟶ H_2O water + NO nitric oxide + Bi_2(SO_4)_3 bismuth sulfate
HNO_3 nitric acid + Bi_2S_3 bismuth sulfide ⟶ H_2O water + NO nitric oxide + Bi_2(SO_4)_3 bismuth sulfate

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: HNO_3 + Bi_2S_3 ⟶ H_2O + NO + Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 HNO_3 + c_2 Bi_2S_3 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 NO + c_5 Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, N, O, Bi and S: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 N: | c_1 = c_4 O: | 3 c_1 = c_3 + c_4 + 12 c_5 Bi: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_5 S: | 3 c_2 = 3 c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 8 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 4 c_4 = 8 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 8 HNO_3 + Bi_2S_3 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NO + Bi_2(SO_4)_3
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: HNO_3 + Bi_2S_3 ⟶ H_2O + NO + Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 HNO_3 + c_2 Bi_2S_3 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 NO + c_5 Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, N, O, Bi and S: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 N: | c_1 = c_4 O: | 3 c_1 = c_3 + c_4 + 12 c_5 Bi: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_5 S: | 3 c_2 = 3 c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 8 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 4 c_4 = 8 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 8 HNO_3 + Bi_2S_3 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NO + Bi_2(SO_4)_3

Structures

+ ⟶ + +
+ ⟶ + +

Names

nitric acid + bismuth sulfide ⟶ water + nitric oxide + bismuth sulfate
nitric acid + bismuth sulfide ⟶ water + nitric oxide + bismuth sulfate

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: HNO_3 + Bi_2S_3 ⟶ H_2O + NO + Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 8 HNO_3 + Bi_2S_3 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NO + Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i HNO_3 | 8 | -8 Bi_2S_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 NO | 8 | 8 Bi_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression HNO_3 | 8 | -8 | ([HNO3])^(-8) Bi_2S_3 | 1 | -1 | ([Bi2S3])^(-1) H_2O | 4 | 4 | ([H2O])^4 NO | 8 | 8 | ([NO])^8 Bi_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 | [Bi2(SO4)3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([HNO3])^(-8) ([Bi2S3])^(-1) ([H2O])^4 ([NO])^8 [Bi2(SO4)3] = (([H2O])^4 ([NO])^8 [Bi2(SO4)3])/(([HNO3])^8 [Bi2S3])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: HNO_3 + Bi_2S_3 ⟶ H_2O + NO + Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 8 HNO_3 + Bi_2S_3 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NO + Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i HNO_3 | 8 | -8 Bi_2S_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 NO | 8 | 8 Bi_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression HNO_3 | 8 | -8 | ([HNO3])^(-8) Bi_2S_3 | 1 | -1 | ([Bi2S3])^(-1) H_2O | 4 | 4 | ([H2O])^4 NO | 8 | 8 | ([NO])^8 Bi_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 | [Bi2(SO4)3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([HNO3])^(-8) ([Bi2S3])^(-1) ([H2O])^4 ([NO])^8 [Bi2(SO4)3] = (([H2O])^4 ([NO])^8 [Bi2(SO4)3])/(([HNO3])^8 [Bi2S3])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: HNO_3 + Bi_2S_3 ⟶ H_2O + NO + Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 8 HNO_3 + Bi_2S_3 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NO + Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i HNO_3 | 8 | -8 Bi_2S_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 NO | 8 | 8 Bi_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term HNO_3 | 8 | -8 | -1/8 (Δ[HNO3])/(Δt) Bi_2S_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Bi2S3])/(Δt) H_2O | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NO | 8 | 8 | 1/8 (Δ[NO])/(Δt) Bi_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Bi2(SO4)3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/8 (Δ[HNO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Bi2S3])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/8 (Δ[NO])/(Δt) = (Δ[Bi2(SO4)3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: HNO_3 + Bi_2S_3 ⟶ H_2O + NO + Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 8 HNO_3 + Bi_2S_3 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NO + Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i HNO_3 | 8 | -8 Bi_2S_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 NO | 8 | 8 Bi_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term HNO_3 | 8 | -8 | -1/8 (Δ[HNO3])/(Δt) Bi_2S_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Bi2S3])/(Δt) H_2O | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NO | 8 | 8 | 1/8 (Δ[NO])/(Δt) Bi_2(SO_4)_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Bi2(SO4)3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/8 (Δ[HNO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Bi2S3])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/8 (Δ[NO])/(Δt) = (Δ[Bi2(SO4)3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| nitric acid | bismuth sulfide | water | nitric oxide | bismuth sulfate formula | HNO_3 | Bi_2S_3 | H_2O | NO | Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Hill formula | HNO_3 | Bi_2S_3 | H_2O | NO | Bi_2O_12S_3 name | nitric acid | bismuth sulfide | water | nitric oxide | bismuth sulfate IUPAC name | nitric acid | thioxo-(thioxobismuthanylthio)bismuthane | water | nitric oxide | dibismuth trisulfate
| nitric acid | bismuth sulfide | water | nitric oxide | bismuth sulfate formula | HNO_3 | Bi_2S_3 | H_2O | NO | Bi_2(SO_4)_3 Hill formula | HNO_3 | Bi_2S_3 | H_2O | NO | Bi_2O_12S_3 name | nitric acid | bismuth sulfide | water | nitric oxide | bismuth sulfate IUPAC name | nitric acid | thioxo-(thioxobismuthanylthio)bismuthane | water | nitric oxide | dibismuth trisulfate

Substance properties

| nitric acid | bismuth sulfide | water | nitric oxide | bismuth sulfate molar mass | 63.012 g/mol | 514.14 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 30.006 g/mol | 706.1 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | melting point | -41.6 °C | 763 °C | 0 °C | -163.6 °C | boiling point | 83 °C | | 99.9839 °C | -151.7 °C | density | 1.5129 g/cm^3 | 7.7 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.001226 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | solubility in water | miscible | insoluble | | | surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 7.6×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.911×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | | | odorless | |
| nitric acid | bismuth sulfide | water | nitric oxide | bismuth sulfate molar mass | 63.012 g/mol | 514.14 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 30.006 g/mol | 706.1 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | melting point | -41.6 °C | 763 °C | 0 °C | -163.6 °C | boiling point | 83 °C | | 99.9839 °C | -151.7 °C | density | 1.5129 g/cm^3 | 7.7 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.001226 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | solubility in water | miscible | insoluble | | | surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 7.6×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.911×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | | | odorless | |

Units

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