Input interpretation
water + sodium peroxide ⟶ oxygen + sodium hydroxide
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O and Na: H: | 2 c_1 = c_4 O: | c_1 + 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 + c_4 Na: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 4 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 + 2 ⟶ + 4
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
water + sodium peroxide ⟶ oxygen + sodium hydroxide
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| water | sodium peroxide | oxygen | sodium hydroxide molecular enthalpy | -285.8 kJ/mol | -510.9 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -425.8 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -571.7 kJ/mol | -1022 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -1703 kJ/mol | H_initial = -1593 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1703 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1703 kJ/mol - -1593 kJ/mol = -109.7 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |
Gibbs free energy
| water | sodium peroxide | oxygen | sodium hydroxide molecular free energy | -237.1 kJ/mol | -447.7 kJ/mol | 231.7 kJ/mol | -379.7 kJ/mol total free energy | -474.2 kJ/mol | -895.4 kJ/mol | 231.7 kJ/mol | -1519 kJ/mol | G_initial = -1370 kJ/mol | | G_final = -1287 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -1287 kJ/mol - -1370 kJ/mol = 82.5 kJ/mol (endergonic) | | |
Entropy
| water | sodium peroxide | oxygen | sodium hydroxide molecular entropy | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 95 J/(mol K) | 205 J/(mol K) | 64 J/(mol K) total entropy | 139.8 J/(mol K) | 190 J/(mol K) | 205 J/(mol K) | 256 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 329.8 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 461 J/(mol K) | ΔS_rxn^0 | 461 J/(mol K) - 329.8 J/(mol K) = 131.2 J/(mol K) (endoentropic) | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| water | sodium peroxide | oxygen | sodium hydroxide Hill formula | H_2O | Na_2O_2 | O_2 | HNaO name | water | sodium peroxide | oxygen | sodium hydroxide IUPAC name | water | disodium peroxide | molecular oxygen | sodium hydroxide
Substance properties
| water | sodium peroxide | oxygen | sodium hydroxide molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 77.978 g/mol | 31.998 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 0 °C | 660 °C | -218 °C | 323 °C boiling point | 99.9839 °C | | -183 °C | 1390 °C density | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.805 g/cm^3 | 0.001429 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 2.13 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | reacts | | soluble surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | 0.01347 N/m | 0.07435 N/m dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 2.055×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) odor | odorless | | odorless |
Units
