Input interpretation
![H_2O water + NaH_2PO_4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate ⟶ NaOH sodium hydroxide + H_3PO_4 phosphoric acid](../image_source/1cf578e29c5607cb704f12eaa04221fa.png)
H_2O water + NaH_2PO_4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate ⟶ NaOH sodium hydroxide + H_3PO_4 phosphoric acid
Balanced equation
![Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ NaOH + H_3PO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ c_3 NaOH + c_4 H_3PO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Na and P: H: | 2 c_1 + 2 c_2 = c_3 + 3 c_4 O: | c_1 + 4 c_2 = c_3 + 4 c_4 Na: | c_2 = c_3 P: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ NaOH + H_3PO_4](../image_source/fa9a570dadec13e06db608a57470a1ec.png)
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ NaOH + H_3PO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ c_3 NaOH + c_4 H_3PO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Na and P: H: | 2 c_1 + 2 c_2 = c_3 + 3 c_4 O: | c_1 + 4 c_2 = c_3 + 4 c_4 Na: | c_2 = c_3 P: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ NaOH + H_3PO_4
Structures
![+ ⟶ +](../image_source/3c6f9ea145d1a1d78f23f0dea65107a4.png)
+ ⟶ +
Names
![water + sodium dihydrogen phosphate ⟶ sodium hydroxide + phosphoric acid](../image_source/f04e6628ac3577409a6d016c35818398.png)
water + sodium dihydrogen phosphate ⟶ sodium hydroxide + phosphoric acid
Equilibrium constant
![Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ NaOH + H_3PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ NaOH + H_3PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 1 | 1 H_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([NaH2PO4])^(-1) NaOH | 1 | 1 | [NaOH] H_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 | [H3PO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([NaH2PO4])^(-1) [NaOH] [H3PO4] = ([NaOH] [H3PO4])/([H2O] [NaH2PO4])](../image_source/8d9521af20ebb61af37c354f846478b5.png)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ NaOH + H_3PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ NaOH + H_3PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 1 | 1 H_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([NaH2PO4])^(-1) NaOH | 1 | 1 | [NaOH] H_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 | [H3PO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([NaH2PO4])^(-1) [NaOH] [H3PO4] = ([NaOH] [H3PO4])/([H2O] [NaH2PO4])
Rate of reaction
![Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ NaOH + H_3PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ NaOH + H_3PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 1 | 1 H_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NaH2PO4])/(Δt) NaOH | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) H_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H3PO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[NaH2PO4])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[H3PO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)](../image_source/1bbb750407253e27d7b5a4f44ba8632c.png)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ NaOH + H_3PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 ⟶ NaOH + H_3PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 1 | 1 H_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NaH2PO4])/(Δt) NaOH | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) H_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H3PO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[NaH2PO4])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[H3PO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
![| water | sodium dihydrogen phosphate | sodium hydroxide | phosphoric acid formula | H_2O | NaH_2PO_4 | NaOH | H_3PO_4 Hill formula | H_2O | H_2NaO_4P | HNaO | H_3O_4P name | water | sodium dihydrogen phosphate | sodium hydroxide | phosphoric acid](../image_source/e7fe41450e5141b5596ba05e891d9103.png)
| water | sodium dihydrogen phosphate | sodium hydroxide | phosphoric acid formula | H_2O | NaH_2PO_4 | NaOH | H_3PO_4 Hill formula | H_2O | H_2NaO_4P | HNaO | H_3O_4P name | water | sodium dihydrogen phosphate | sodium hydroxide | phosphoric acid
Substance properties
![| water | sodium dihydrogen phosphate | sodium hydroxide | phosphoric acid molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 119.98 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 97.994 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) melting point | 0 °C | | 323 °C | 42.4 °C boiling point | 99.9839 °C | | 1390 °C | 158 °C density | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.9996 g/cm^3 | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 1.685 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | | soluble | very soluble surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | 0.07435 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | odor | odorless | odorless | | odorless](../image_source/557f98152ef3711068aec55c6b9bd09c.png)
| water | sodium dihydrogen phosphate | sodium hydroxide | phosphoric acid molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 119.98 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 97.994 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) melting point | 0 °C | | 323 °C | 42.4 °C boiling point | 99.9839 °C | | 1390 °C | 158 °C density | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.9996 g/cm^3 | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 1.685 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | | soluble | very soluble surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | 0.07435 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | odor | odorless | odorless | | odorless
Units