S + Al = Al2S3

S (mixed sulfur) + Al (aluminum) ⟶ Al_2S_3 (aluminum sulfide)

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: S + Al ⟶ Al_2S_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 S + c_2 Al ⟶ c_3 Al_2S_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for S and Al: S: | c_1 = 3 c_3 Al: | c_2 = 2 c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 3 S + 2 Al ⟶ Al_2S_3

+ ⟶

mixed sulfur + aluminum ⟶ aluminum sulfide

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: S + Al ⟶ Al_2S_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 S + 2 Al ⟶ Al_2S_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i S | 3 | -3 Al | 2 | -2 Al_2S_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression S | 3 | -3 | ([S])^(-3) Al | 2 | -2 | ([Al])^(-2) Al_2S_3 | 1 | 1 | [Al2S3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([S])^(-3) ([Al])^(-2) [Al2S3] = ([Al2S3])/(([S])^3 ([Al])^2)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: S + Al ⟶ Al_2S_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 S + 2 Al ⟶ Al_2S_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i S | 3 | -3 Al | 2 | -2 Al_2S_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term S | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[S])/(Δt) Al | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Al])/(Δt) Al_2S_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Al2S3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/3 (Δ[S])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[Al])/(Δt) = (Δ[Al2S3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| mixed sulfur | aluminum | aluminum sulfide formula | S | Al | Al_2S_3 name | mixed sulfur | aluminum | aluminum sulfide IUPAC name | sulfur | aluminum | thioxo-(thioxoalumanylthio)alumane

| mixed sulfur | aluminum | aluminum sulfide molar mass | 32.06 g/mol | 26.9815385 g/mol | 150.1 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 112.8 °C | 660.4 °C | 1100 °C boiling point | 444.7 °C | 2460 °C | 1500 °C density | 2.07 g/cm^3 | 2.7 g/cm^3 | 2.02 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | insoluble | decomposes surface tension | | 0.817 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | 1.5×10^-4 Pa s (at 760 °C) | odor | | odorless |