H2O + C2H5ONa = NaOH + C2H5OH

H_2O water + CH_3CH_2ONa sodium ethylate ⟶ NaOH sodium hydroxide + CH_3CH_2OH ethanol

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + CH_3CH_2ONa ⟶ NaOH + CH_3CH_2OH Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 CH_3CH_2ONa ⟶ c_3 NaOH + c_4 CH_3CH_2OH Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, C and Na: H: | 2 c_1 + 5 c_2 = c_3 + 6 c_4 O: | c_1 + c_2 = c_3 + c_4 C: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_4 Na: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + CH_3CH_2ONa ⟶ NaOH + CH_3CH_2OH

+ ⟶ +

water + sodium ethylate ⟶ sodium hydroxide + ethanol

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + CH_3CH_2ONa ⟶ NaOH + CH_3CH_2OH Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + CH_3CH_2ONa ⟶ NaOH + CH_3CH_2OH Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 CH_3CH_2ONa | 1 | -1 NaOH | 1 | 1 CH_3CH_2OH | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) CH_3CH_2ONa | 1 | -1 | ([CH3CH2ONa])^(-1) NaOH | 1 | 1 | [NaOH] CH_3CH_2OH | 1 | 1 | [CH3CH2OH] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([CH3CH2ONa])^(-1) [NaOH] [CH3CH2OH] = ([NaOH] [CH3CH2OH])/([H2O] [CH3CH2ONa])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + CH_3CH_2ONa ⟶ NaOH + CH_3CH_2OH Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + CH_3CH_2ONa ⟶ NaOH + CH_3CH_2OH Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 CH_3CH_2ONa | 1 | -1 NaOH | 1 | 1 CH_3CH_2OH | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) CH_3CH_2ONa | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[CH3CH2ONa])/(Δt) NaOH | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) CH_3CH_2OH | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CH3CH2OH])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[CH3CH2ONa])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[CH3CH2OH])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| water | sodium ethylate | sodium hydroxide | ethanol formula | H_2O | CH_3CH_2ONa | NaOH | CH_3CH_2OH Hill formula | H_2O | C_2H_5NaO | HNaO | C_2H_6O name | water | sodium ethylate | sodium hydroxide | ethanol IUPAC name | water | sodium ethanolate | sodium hydroxide | ethanol

| water | sodium ethylate | sodium hydroxide | ethanol molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 68.051 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 46.07 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) melting point | 0 °C | 260 °C | 323 °C | -114 °C boiling point | 99.9839 °C | | 1390 °C | 78 °C density | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.868 g/cm^3 | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 0.789 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | reacts | soluble | miscible surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | 0.07435 N/m | 0.02275 N/m dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | 0.001074 Pa s (at 25 °C) odor | odorless | | |