carbon vs palladium vs cadmium vs holmium

carbon (chemical element) | palladium (chemical element) | cadmium (chemical element) | holmium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration carbon | C | 6 | [He]2s^22p^2 palladium | Pd | 46 | [Kr]4d^10 cadmium | Cd | 48 | [Kr]5s^24d^10 holmium | Ho | 67 | [Xe]6s^24f^11 | Aufbau diagram | block | group carbon | 2p 2s | p | 14 palladium | 4d | d | 10 cadmium | 4d 5s | d | 12 holmium | 4f 6s | f | | period | atomic mass | half-life carbon | 2 | 12.011 u | (stable) palladium | 5 | 106.42 u | (stable) cadmium | 5 | 112.414 u | (stable) holmium | 6 | 164.93033 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 1514 °C | highest | 3550 °C (carbon) | lowest | 321.07 °C (cadmium) | distribution | boiling point | median | 2831 °C | highest | 4027 °C (carbon) | lowest | 767 °C (cadmium) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 16.8 kJ/mol | highest | 105 kJ/mol (carbon) | lowest | 6.3 kJ/mol (cadmium) molar heat of vaporization | median | 322 kJ/mol | highest | 715 kJ/mol (carbon) | lowest | 100 kJ/mol (cadmium) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 235 J/(kg K) | highest | 710 J/(kg K) (carbon) | lowest | 165 J/(kg K) (holmium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 8.722 g/cm^3 | highest | 12.023 g/cm^3 (palladium) | lowest | 2.26 g/cm^3 (carbon) | distribution | liquid density | median | 8.34 g/cm^3 | highest | 10.38 g/cm^3 (palladium) | lowest | 7.996 g/cm^3 (cadmium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 10.92 cm^3/mol | highest | 18.75 cm^3/mol (holmium) | lowest | 5.315 cm^3/mol (carbon) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 1.8 | highest | 4.75 (between apatite and fluorite) (palladium) | lowest | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) (carbon) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 461 MPa | 481 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 37.3 MPa | 203 MPa | 746 MPa bulk modulus | median | 41 GPa | highest | 180 GPa (palladium) | lowest | 33 GPa (carbon) shear modulus | median | 26 GPa | highest | 44 GPa (palladium) | lowest | 19 GPa (cadmium) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 65 GPa | highest | 121 GPa (palladium) | lowest | 50 GPa (cadmium) Poisson ratio | all | 0.23 | 0.3 | 0.39 ultimate tensile strength | all | 75 MPa | 180 MPa | 259 MPa sound speed | median | 2915 m/s | highest | 18350 m/s (carbon) | lowest | 2310 m/s (cadmium) thermal expansion | median | 1.15×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 3.08×10^-5 K^(-1) (cadmium) | lowest | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) (carbon) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 85 W/(m K) | highest | 140 W/(m K) (carbon) | lowest | 16 W/(m K) (holmium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 5.2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) (carbon) | lowest | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (cadmium) electrical conductivity | median | 5.6×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (cadmium) | lowest | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) (carbon) volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 3.879×10^-4 | highest | 0.0482845 (holmium) | lowest | -1.99×10^-5 (cadmium) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 3.17×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 5.49×10^-6 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (holmium) | lowest | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (carbon) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 3.459×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 9.05467×10^-7 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (holmium) | lowest | -2.59×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (cadmium) | distribution | work function | all | 4.08 eV | 5 eV | (5.22 to 5.6) eV

valence | median | 3.5 | highest | 4 (carbon and palladium) | lowest | 2 (cadmium) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.94 | highest | 2.55 (carbon) | lowest | 1.23 (holmium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 52 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (carbon) | lowest | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (cadmium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 836.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (carbon) | lowest | 581 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (holmium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^3P_0 | ^4I_(15/2) atomic radius | median | 147 pm | highest | 175 pm (holmium) | lowest | 70 pm (carbon) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 142 pm | highest | 192 pm (holmium) | lowest | 76 pm (carbon) | distribution | van der Waals radius | median | 163 pm | highest | 170 pm (carbon) | lowest | 158 pm (cadmium) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 2×10^-7 mass% | highest | 0.5 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 5×10^-8 mass% (holmium) solar abundance | median | 4.5×10^-7 mass% | highest | 0.3 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mass% (holmium) meteorite abundance | median | 5.5×10^-5 mass% | highest | 1.5 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 5.9×10^-6 mass% (holmium) crust abundance | median | 6.8×10^-5 mass% | highest | 0.18 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 6.3×10^-7 mass% (palladium) ocean abundance | median | 5×10^-9 mass% | highest | 0.0028 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 2.2×10^-11 mass% (holmium) universe molar abundance | median | 2×10^-9 mol% | highest | 0.05 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 4×10^-10 mol% (holmium) solar molar abundance | median | 5.5×10^-9 mol% | highest | 0.03 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mol% (holmium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 9.5×10^-6 mol% | highest | 1.8 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 7×10^-7 mol% (holmium) ocean molar abundance | median | 8×10^-6 mol% | highest | 0.0014 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 2.8×10^-10 mol% (cadmium) crust molar abundance | median | 9×10^-6 mol% | highest | 0.31 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 9.9×10^-8 mol% (palladium)