francium vs calcium vs lithium vs potassium

francium (chemical element) | calcium (chemical element) | lithium (chemical element) | potassium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration francium | Fr | 87 | [Rn]7s^1 calcium | Ca | 20 | [Ar]4s^2 lithium | Li | 3 | [He]2s^1 potassium | K | 19 | [Ar]4s^1 | Aufbau diagram | block | group francium | 7s | s | 1 calcium | 4s | s | 2 lithium | 2s | s | 1 potassium | 4s | s | 1 | period | atomic mass | half-life francium | 7 | 223 u | 22 min calcium | 4 | 40.078 u | (stable) lithium | 2 | 6.94 u | (stable) potassium | 4 | 39.0983 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 180.54 °C | highest | 842 °C (calcium) | lowest | 63.38 °C (potassium) boiling point | median | 1342 °C | highest | 1484 °C (calcium) | lowest | 759 °C (potassium) molar heat of fusion | median | 2.7 kJ/mol | highest | 8.54 kJ/mol (calcium) | lowest | 2 kJ/mol (francium) molar heat of vaporization | median | 112 kJ/mol | highest | 155 kJ/mol (calcium) | lowest | 65 kJ/mol (francium) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 757 J/(kg K) | highest | 3570 J/(kg K) (lithium) | lowest | 631 J/(kg K) (calcium) (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 0.856 g/cm^3 | highest | 1.55 g/cm^3 (calcium) | lowest | 0.535 g/cm^3 (lithium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 0.828 g/cm^3 | highest | 1.378 g/cm^3 (calcium) | lowest | 0.512 g/cm^3 (lithium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 25.86 cm^3/mol | highest | 45.7 cm^3/mol (potassium) | lowest | 13 cm^3/mol (lithium) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 0.6 | highest | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) (calcium) | lowest | 0.4 (between talc and gypsum) (potassium) | distribution | Brinell hardness | all | 0.363 MPa | 167 MPa bulk modulus | median | 11 GPa | highest | 17 GPa (calcium) | lowest | 3.1 GPa (potassium) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 4.2 GPa | highest | 7.4 GPa (calcium) | lowest | 1.3 GPa (potassium) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.31 ultimate tensile strength | all | 15 MPa sound speed | median | 3810 m/s | highest | 6000 m/s (lithium) | lowest | 2000 m/s (potassium) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 100 W/(m K) | highest | 200 W/(m K) (calcium) | lowest | 85 W/(m K) (lithium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 9.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (lithium) | lowest | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (calcium) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (calcium) | lowest | 1.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (lithium) volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.37×10^-5 | highest | 2.139×10^-5 (calcium) | lowest | 5.74×10^-6 (potassium) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 2.56×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (lithium) | lowest | 6.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (potassium) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.62×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (calcium) | lowest | 1.78×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (lithium) | distribution | work function | all | 2.29 eV | 2.87 eV | 2.93 eV

valence | median | 1 | highest | 2 (calcium) | lowest | 1 (3 elements) electronegativity | median | 0.9 | highest | 1 (calcium and lithium) | lowest | 0.7 (francium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 48.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 59.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lithium) | lowest | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (calcium) first ionization energy | median | 469.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (calcium) | lowest | 380 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (francium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | median | 180 pm | highest | 220 pm (potassium) | lowest | 145 pm (lithium) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 189 pm | highest | 260 pm (francium) | lowest | 128 pm (lithium) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 3×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.007 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 6×10^-7 mass% (lithium) solar abundance | median | 4×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.007 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 6×10^-9 mass% (lithium) meteorite abundance | median | 0.07 mass% | highest | 1.1 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 1.7×10^-4 mass% (lithium) crust abundance | median | 1.5 mass% | highest | 5 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 0.0017 mass% (lithium) ocean abundance | median | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.042 mass% (potassium) | lowest | 1.8×10^-5 mass% (lithium) human abundance | median | 0.1 mass% | highest | 1.4 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 0 mass% (francium) universe molar abundance | median | 1×10^-5 mol% | highest | 2×10^-4 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mol% (lithium) solar molar abundance | median | 9.9×10^-6 mol% | highest | 2×10^-4 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 9.9×10^-10 mol% (lithium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 0.037 mol% | highest | 0.52 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 4.6×10^-4 mol% (lithium) ocean molar abundance | median | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.0066 mol% (potassium) | lowest | 1.6×10^-5 mol% (lithium) crust molar abundance | median | 0.78 mol% | highest | 2.6 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 0.005 mol% (lithium) human molar abundance | median | 0.016 mol% | highest | 0.22 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 0 mol% (francium)