NaCl + AgNO = AgCl + NaNO

NaCl sodium chloride + AgNO ⟶ AgCl silver chloride + NaNO

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaCl + AgNO ⟶ AgCl + NaNO Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaCl + c_2 AgNO ⟶ c_3 AgCl + c_4 NaNO Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl, Na, Ag, N and O: Cl: | c_1 = c_3 Na: | c_1 = c_4 Ag: | c_2 = c_3 N: | c_2 = c_4 O: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | NaCl + AgNO ⟶ AgCl + NaNO

+ AgNO ⟶ + NaNO

sodium chloride + AgNO ⟶ silver chloride + NaNO

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaCl + AgNO ⟶ AgCl + NaNO Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: NaCl + AgNO ⟶ AgCl + NaNO Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaCl | 1 | -1 AgNO | 1 | -1 AgCl | 1 | 1 NaNO | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaCl | 1 | -1 | ([NaCl])^(-1) AgNO | 1 | -1 | ([AgNO])^(-1) AgCl | 1 | 1 | [AgCl] NaNO | 1 | 1 | [NaNO] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaCl])^(-1) ([AgNO])^(-1) [AgCl] [NaNO] = ([AgCl] [NaNO])/([NaCl] [AgNO])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaCl + AgNO ⟶ AgCl + NaNO Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: NaCl + AgNO ⟶ AgCl + NaNO Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaCl | 1 | -1 AgNO | 1 | -1 AgCl | 1 | 1 NaNO | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaCl | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) AgNO | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[AgNO])/(Δt) AgCl | 1 | 1 | (Δ[AgCl])/(Δt) NaNO | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NaNO])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = -(Δ[AgNO])/(Δt) = (Δ[AgCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaNO])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| sodium chloride | AgNO | silver chloride | NaNO formula | NaCl | AgNO | AgCl | NaNO Hill formula | ClNa | AgNO | AgCl | NNaO name | sodium chloride | | silver chloride | IUPAC name | sodium chloride | | chlorosilver |

| sodium chloride | AgNO | silver chloride | NaNO molar mass | 58.44 g/mol | 137.874 g/mol | 143.32 g/mol | 52.996 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | melting point | 801 °C | | 455 °C | boiling point | 1413 °C | | 1554 °C | density | 2.16 g/cm^3 | | 5.56 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | soluble | | | odor | odorless | | |