AlCl3 + Li = Al + LiCl

AlCl_3 aluminum chloride + Li lithium ⟶ Al aluminum + LiCl lithium chloride

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: AlCl_3 + Li ⟶ Al + LiCl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 AlCl_3 + c_2 Li ⟶ c_3 Al + c_4 LiCl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Al, Cl and Li: Al: | c_1 = c_3 Cl: | 3 c_1 = c_4 Li: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 3 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 3 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | AlCl_3 + 3 Li ⟶ Al + 3 LiCl

+ ⟶ +

aluminum chloride + lithium ⟶ aluminum + lithium chloride

| aluminum chloride | lithium | aluminum | lithium chloride molecular enthalpy | -704.2 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -408.6 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -704.2 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -1226 kJ/mol | H_initial = -704.2 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1226 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1226 kJ/mol - -704.2 kJ/mol = -521.6 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: AlCl_3 + Li ⟶ Al + LiCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: AlCl_3 + 3 Li ⟶ Al + 3 LiCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i AlCl_3 | 1 | -1 Li | 3 | -3 Al | 1 | 1 LiCl | 3 | 3 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression AlCl_3 | 1 | -1 | ([AlCl3])^(-1) Li | 3 | -3 | ([Li])^(-3) Al | 1 | 1 | [Al] LiCl | 3 | 3 | ([LiCl])^3 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([AlCl3])^(-1) ([Li])^(-3) [Al] ([LiCl])^3 = ([Al] ([LiCl])^3)/([AlCl3] ([Li])^3)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: AlCl_3 + Li ⟶ Al + LiCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: AlCl_3 + 3 Li ⟶ Al + 3 LiCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i AlCl_3 | 1 | -1 Li | 3 | -3 Al | 1 | 1 LiCl | 3 | 3 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term AlCl_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[AlCl3])/(Δt) Li | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[Li])/(Δt) Al | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Al])/(Δt) LiCl | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[LiCl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[AlCl3])/(Δt) = -1/3 (Δ[Li])/(Δt) = (Δ[Al])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[LiCl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| aluminum chloride | lithium | aluminum | lithium chloride formula | AlCl_3 | Li | Al | LiCl Hill formula | AlCl_3 | Li | Al | ClLi name | aluminum chloride | lithium | aluminum | lithium chloride IUPAC name | trichloroalumane | lithium | aluminum | lithium chloride

| aluminum chloride | lithium | aluminum | lithium chloride molar mass | 133.3 g/mol | 6.94 g/mol | 26.9815385 g/mol | 42.4 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 190 °C | 180 °C | 660.4 °C | 605 °C boiling point | | 1342 °C | 2460 °C | 1382 °C density | | 0.534 g/cm^3 | 2.7 g/cm^3 | 2.07 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | decomposes | insoluble | surface tension | | 0.3975 N/m | 0.817 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | | 1.5×10^-4 Pa s (at 760 °C) | 0.00525 Pa s (at 20 °C) odor | | | odorless |