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properties of potassium

Input interpretation

potassium (chemical element)
potassium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Image

Image
Image

Basic elemental properties

atomic symbol | K atomic number | 19 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^1 Aufbau diagram | 4s block | s group | 1 period | 4 atomic mass | 39.0983 u (unified atomic mass units)
atomic symbol | K atomic number | 19 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^1 Aufbau diagram | 4s block | s group | 1 period | 4 atomic mass | 39.0983 u (unified atomic mass units)

Thermodynamic properties

phase at STP | solid melting point | 63.38 °C (rank: 85th) boiling point | 759 °C (rank: 74th) critical temperature | 2223 K (rank: 3rd) critical pressure | 16 MPa (rank: 6th) molar heat of fusion | 2.33 kJ/mol (rank: 78th) molar heat of vaporization | 76.9 kJ/mol (rank: 70th) specific heat at STP | 757 J/(kg K) (rank: 15th) (properties at standard conditions)
phase at STP | solid melting point | 63.38 °C (rank: 85th) boiling point | 759 °C (rank: 74th) critical temperature | 2223 K (rank: 3rd) critical pressure | 16 MPa (rank: 6th) molar heat of fusion | 2.33 kJ/mol (rank: 78th) molar heat of vaporization | 76.9 kJ/mol (rank: 70th) specific heat at STP | 757 J/(kg K) (rank: 15th) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

density | 0.856 g/cm^3 (rank: 84th) liquid density | 0.828 g/cm^3 molar volume | 45.7 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.4 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 0.363 MPa (rank: 58th) bulk modulus | 3.1 GPa (rank: 65th) shear modulus | 1.3 GPa sound speed | 2000 m/s (rank: 54th) thermal conductivity | 100 W/(m K) (rank: 17th) (properties at standard conditions)
density | 0.856 g/cm^3 (rank: 84th) liquid density | 0.828 g/cm^3 molar volume | 45.7 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.4 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 0.363 MPa (rank: 58th) bulk modulus | 3.1 GPa (rank: 65th) shear modulus | 1.3 GPa sound speed | 2000 m/s (rank: 54th) thermal conductivity | 100 W/(m K) (rank: 17th) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

electrical type | conductor resistivity | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 5.74×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.62×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.29 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 5.537×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver)
electrical type | conductor resistivity | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 5.74×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.62×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.29 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 5.537×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver)

Reactivity

valence | 1 electronegativity | 0.82 electron affinity | 48.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 418.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 418.8 kJ/mol | 3052 kJ/mol | 4420 kJ/mol | 5877 kJ/mol | 7975 kJ/mol | 9590 kJ/mol | 11343 kJ/mol | 14944 kJ/mol | 16963.7 kJ/mol | 48610 kJ/mol
valence | 1 electronegativity | 0.82 electron affinity | 48.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 418.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 418.8 kJ/mol | 3052 kJ/mol | 4420 kJ/mol | 5877 kJ/mol | 7975 kJ/mol | 9590 kJ/mol | 11343 kJ/mol | 14944 kJ/mol | 16963.7 kJ/mol | 48610 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 220 pm covalent radius | 203 pm van der Waals radius | 275 pm (electronic ground state properties)
term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 220 pm covalent radius | 203 pm van der Waals radius | 275 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral potassium atomic spectrum)
(neutral potassium atomic spectrum)

Abundances

universe abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% (rank: 19th) solar abundance | 4×10^-4 mass% (rank: 22nd) meteorite abundance | 0.07 mass% (rank: 16th) crust abundance | 1.5 mass% (rank: 8th) ocean abundance | 0.042 mass% (rank: 7th) human abundance | 0.2 mass% (rank: 7th) universe molar abundance | 1×10^-5 mol% (rank: 19th) solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-6 mol% (rank: 21st) meteorite molar abundance | 0.037 mol% (rank: 16th) ocean molar abundance | 0.0066 mol% (rank: 7th) crust molar abundance | 0.78 mol% (rank: 9th) human molar abundance | 0.032 mol% (rank: 9th)
universe abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% (rank: 19th) solar abundance | 4×10^-4 mass% (rank: 22nd) meteorite abundance | 0.07 mass% (rank: 16th) crust abundance | 1.5 mass% (rank: 8th) ocean abundance | 0.042 mass% (rank: 7th) human abundance | 0.2 mass% (rank: 7th) universe molar abundance | 1×10^-5 mol% (rank: 19th) solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-6 mol% (rank: 21st) meteorite molar abundance | 0.037 mol% (rank: 16th) ocean molar abundance | 0.0066 mol% (rank: 7th) crust molar abundance | 0.78 mol% (rank: 9th) human molar abundance | 0.032 mol% (rank: 9th)

Nuclear properties

half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | K-39 (93.2581%) | K-41 (6.7302%) nuclear spin | K-32: 1^+ | K-33: 3/2^+ | K-34: 1^+ | K-35: 3/2^+ | K-36: 2^+ | K-37: 3/2^+ | K-38: 3^+ | K-39: 3/2^+ | K-40: 4^- | K-41: 3/2^+ | K-42: 2^- | K-43: 3/2^+ | K-44: 2^- | K-45: 3/2^+ | K-46: 2^- | K-47: 1/2^+ | K-48: 2^- | K-49: 3/2^+ | K-52: 2^- | K-53: 3/2^+ | K-54: 2^- | K-55: 3/2^+ unstable isotopes | K-40 (1.248 Gyr) | K-43 (22.3 h) | K-42 (12.321 h) | K-44 (22.13 min) | K-45 (17.81 min) | K-38 (7.637 min) | K-46 (105 s) | K-47 (17.5 s) | K-48 (6.8 s) | K-49 (1.26 s) | K-37 (1.226 s) | K-50 (472 ms) | K-51 (365 ms) | K-36 (342 ms) | K-35 (178 ms) | K-52 (105 ms) | K-53 (30 ms) | K-54 (10 ms) | K-55 (3 ms) | K-34 (25 ns) | K-33 (25 ns) neutron cross-section | 2.1 b neutron mass absorption | 0.0018 m^2/kg
half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | K-39 (93.2581%) | K-41 (6.7302%) nuclear spin | K-32: 1^+ | K-33: 3/2^+ | K-34: 1^+ | K-35: 3/2^+ | K-36: 2^+ | K-37: 3/2^+ | K-38: 3^+ | K-39: 3/2^+ | K-40: 4^- | K-41: 3/2^+ | K-42: 2^- | K-43: 3/2^+ | K-44: 2^- | K-45: 3/2^+ | K-46: 2^- | K-47: 1/2^+ | K-48: 2^- | K-49: 3/2^+ | K-52: 2^- | K-53: 3/2^+ | K-54: 2^- | K-55: 3/2^+ unstable isotopes | K-40 (1.248 Gyr) | K-43 (22.3 h) | K-42 (12.321 h) | K-44 (22.13 min) | K-45 (17.81 min) | K-38 (7.637 min) | K-46 (105 s) | K-47 (17.5 s) | K-48 (6.8 s) | K-49 (1.26 s) | K-37 (1.226 s) | K-50 (472 ms) | K-51 (365 ms) | K-36 (342 ms) | K-35 (178 ms) | K-52 (105 ms) | K-53 (30 ms) | K-54 (10 ms) | K-55 (3 ms) | K-34 (25 ns) | K-33 (25 ns) neutron cross-section | 2.1 b neutron mass absorption | 0.0018 m^2/kg

Identifiers

CAS number | 7440-09-7 PubChem CID number | 5462222
CAS number | 7440-09-7 PubChem CID number | 5462222

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