Input interpretation
chlorine + sodium hydroxide + sodium sulfite ⟶ water + sodium chloride + sodium sulfate
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + + ⟶ + + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 + c_3 ⟶ c_4 + c_5 + c_6 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl, H, Na, O and S: Cl: | 2 c_1 = c_5 H: | c_2 = 2 c_4 Na: | c_2 + 2 c_3 = c_5 + 2 c_6 O: | c_2 + 3 c_3 = c_4 + 4 c_6 S: | c_3 = c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 2 c_6 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | + 2 + ⟶ + 2 +
Structures
+ + ⟶ + +
Names
chlorine + sodium hydroxide + sodium sulfite ⟶ water + sodium chloride + sodium sulfate
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium sulfite | water | sodium chloride | sodium sulfate molecular enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -425.8 kJ/mol | -1101 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -411.2 kJ/mol | -1387 kJ/mol total enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -851.6 kJ/mol | -1101 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -822.4 kJ/mol | -1387 kJ/mol | H_initial = -1952 kJ/mol | | | H_final = -2495 kJ/mol | | ΔH_rxn^0 | -2495 kJ/mol - -1952 kJ/mol = -542.9 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | | | |
Gibbs free energy
| chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium sulfite | water | sodium chloride | sodium sulfate molecular free energy | 0 kJ/mol | -379.7 kJ/mol | -10125 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -384.1 kJ/mol | -1270 kJ/mol total free energy | 0 kJ/mol | -759.4 kJ/mol | -10125 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -768.2 kJ/mol | -1270 kJ/mol | G_initial = -10884 kJ/mol | | | G_final = -2276 kJ/mol | | ΔG_rxn^0 | -2276 kJ/mol - -10884 kJ/mol = 8609 kJ/mol (endergonic) | | | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium sulfite | water | sodium chloride | sodium sulfate Hill formula | Cl_2 | HNaO | Na_2O_3S | H_2O | ClNa | Na_2O_4S name | chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium sulfite | water | sodium chloride | sodium sulfate IUPAC name | molecular chlorine | sodium hydroxide | disodium sulfite | water | sodium chloride | disodium sulfate