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H2SO4 + NaOH + KMnO4 = KOH + Na2SO4 + HMnO4

Input interpretation

H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + NaOH sodium hydroxide + KMnO_4 potassium permanganate ⟶ KOH potassium hydroxide + Na_2SO_4 sodium sulfate + HMnO4
H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + NaOH sodium hydroxide + KMnO_4 potassium permanganate ⟶ KOH potassium hydroxide + Na_2SO_4 sodium sulfate + HMnO4

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + NaOH + KMnO_4 ⟶ KOH + Na_2SO_4 + HMnO4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 NaOH + c_3 KMnO_4 ⟶ c_4 KOH + c_5 Na_2SO_4 + c_6 HMnO4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, Na, K and Mn: H: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = c_4 + c_6 O: | 4 c_1 + c_2 + 4 c_3 = c_4 + 4 c_5 + 4 c_6 S: | c_1 = c_5 Na: | c_2 = 2 c_5 K: | c_3 = c_4 Mn: | c_3 = c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 2 c_5 = 1 c_6 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2SO_4 + 2 NaOH + 2 KMnO_4 ⟶ 2 KOH + Na_2SO_4 + 2 HMnO4
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + NaOH + KMnO_4 ⟶ KOH + Na_2SO_4 + HMnO4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 NaOH + c_3 KMnO_4 ⟶ c_4 KOH + c_5 Na_2SO_4 + c_6 HMnO4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, Na, K and Mn: H: | 2 c_1 + c_2 = c_4 + c_6 O: | 4 c_1 + c_2 + 4 c_3 = c_4 + 4 c_5 + 4 c_6 S: | c_1 = c_5 Na: | c_2 = 2 c_5 K: | c_3 = c_4 Mn: | c_3 = c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 2 c_5 = 1 c_6 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2SO_4 + 2 NaOH + 2 KMnO_4 ⟶ 2 KOH + Na_2SO_4 + 2 HMnO4

Structures

+ + ⟶ + + HMnO4
+ + ⟶ + + HMnO4

Names

sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide + potassium permanganate ⟶ potassium hydroxide + sodium sulfate + HMnO4
sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide + potassium permanganate ⟶ potassium hydroxide + sodium sulfate + HMnO4

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + NaOH + KMnO_4 ⟶ KOH + Na_2SO_4 + HMnO4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2SO_4 + 2 NaOH + 2 KMnO_4 ⟶ 2 KOH + Na_2SO_4 + 2 HMnO4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | -2 KMnO_4 | 2 | -2 KOH | 2 | 2 Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 HMnO4 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([H2SO4])^(-1) NaOH | 2 | -2 | ([NaOH])^(-2) KMnO_4 | 2 | -2 | ([KMnO4])^(-2) KOH | 2 | 2 | ([KOH])^2 Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | [Na2SO4] HMnO4 | 2 | 2 | ([HMnO4])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-1) ([NaOH])^(-2) ([KMnO4])^(-2) ([KOH])^2 [Na2SO4] ([HMnO4])^2 = (([KOH])^2 [Na2SO4] ([HMnO4])^2)/([H2SO4] ([NaOH])^2 ([KMnO4])^2)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + NaOH + KMnO_4 ⟶ KOH + Na_2SO_4 + HMnO4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2SO_4 + 2 NaOH + 2 KMnO_4 ⟶ 2 KOH + Na_2SO_4 + 2 HMnO4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | -2 KMnO_4 | 2 | -2 KOH | 2 | 2 Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 HMnO4 | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([H2SO4])^(-1) NaOH | 2 | -2 | ([NaOH])^(-2) KMnO_4 | 2 | -2 | ([KMnO4])^(-2) KOH | 2 | 2 | ([KOH])^2 Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | [Na2SO4] HMnO4 | 2 | 2 | ([HMnO4])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-1) ([NaOH])^(-2) ([KMnO4])^(-2) ([KOH])^2 [Na2SO4] ([HMnO4])^2 = (([KOH])^2 [Na2SO4] ([HMnO4])^2)/([H2SO4] ([NaOH])^2 ([KMnO4])^2)

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + NaOH + KMnO_4 ⟶ KOH + Na_2SO_4 + HMnO4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2SO_4 + 2 NaOH + 2 KMnO_4 ⟶ 2 KOH + Na_2SO_4 + 2 HMnO4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | -2 KMnO_4 | 2 | -2 KOH | 2 | 2 Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 HMnO4 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) NaOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) KMnO_4 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[KMnO4])/(Δt) KOH | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) HMnO4 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[HMnO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[KMnO4])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[HMnO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + NaOH + KMnO_4 ⟶ KOH + Na_2SO_4 + HMnO4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2SO_4 + 2 NaOH + 2 KMnO_4 ⟶ 2 KOH + Na_2SO_4 + 2 HMnO4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | -2 KMnO_4 | 2 | -2 KOH | 2 | 2 Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 HMnO4 | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) NaOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) KMnO_4 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[KMnO4])/(Δt) KOH | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) Na_2SO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) HMnO4 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[HMnO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[KMnO4])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[HMnO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| sulfuric acid | sodium hydroxide | potassium permanganate | potassium hydroxide | sodium sulfate | HMnO4 formula | H_2SO_4 | NaOH | KMnO_4 | KOH | Na_2SO_4 | HMnO4 Hill formula | H_2O_4S | HNaO | KMnO_4 | HKO | Na_2O_4S | HMnO4 name | sulfuric acid | sodium hydroxide | potassium permanganate | potassium hydroxide | sodium sulfate | IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | sodium hydroxide | potassium permanganate | potassium hydroxide | disodium sulfate |
| sulfuric acid | sodium hydroxide | potassium permanganate | potassium hydroxide | sodium sulfate | HMnO4 formula | H_2SO_4 | NaOH | KMnO_4 | KOH | Na_2SO_4 | HMnO4 Hill formula | H_2O_4S | HNaO | KMnO_4 | HKO | Na_2O_4S | HMnO4 name | sulfuric acid | sodium hydroxide | potassium permanganate | potassium hydroxide | sodium sulfate | IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | sodium hydroxide | potassium permanganate | potassium hydroxide | disodium sulfate |

Substance properties

| sulfuric acid | sodium hydroxide | potassium permanganate | potassium hydroxide | sodium sulfate | HMnO4 molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 158.03 g/mol | 56.105 g/mol | 142.04 g/mol | 119.94 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 10.371 °C | 323 °C | 240 °C | 406 °C | 884 °C | boiling point | 279.6 °C | 1390 °C | | 1327 °C | 1429 °C | density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.044 g/cm^3 | 2.68 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | very soluble | soluble | | soluble | soluble | surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | 0.07435 N/m | | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 0.001 Pa s (at 550 °C) | | odor | odorless | | odorless | | |
| sulfuric acid | sodium hydroxide | potassium permanganate | potassium hydroxide | sodium sulfate | HMnO4 molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 158.03 g/mol | 56.105 g/mol | 142.04 g/mol | 119.94 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 10.371 °C | 323 °C | 240 °C | 406 °C | 884 °C | boiling point | 279.6 °C | 1390 °C | | 1327 °C | 1429 °C | density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.044 g/cm^3 | 2.68 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | very soluble | soluble | | soluble | soluble | surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | 0.07435 N/m | | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 0.001 Pa s (at 550 °C) | | odor | odorless | | odorless | | |

Units

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