magnesium vs calcium vs nickel vs zinc

magnesium (chemical element) | calcium (chemical element) | nickel (chemical element) | zinc (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration magnesium | Mg | 12 | [Ne]3s^2 calcium | Ca | 20 | [Ar]4s^2 nickel | Ni | 28 | [Ar]4s^23d^8 zinc | Zn | 30 | [Ar]4s^23d^10 | Aufbau diagram | block | group magnesium | 3s | s | 2 calcium | 4s | s | 2 nickel | 3d 4s | d | 10 zinc | 3d 4s | d | 12 | period | atomic mass | half-life magnesium | 3 | 24.305 u | (stable) calcium | 4 | 40.078 u | (stable) nickel | 4 | 58.6934 u | (stable) zinc | 4 | 65.38 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 746 °C | highest | 1455 °C (nickel) | lowest | 419.53 °C (zinc) | distribution | boiling point | median | 1287 °C | highest | 2913 °C (nickel) | lowest | 907 °C (zinc) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 8.6 kJ/mol | highest | 17.2 kJ/mol (nickel) | lowest | 7.35 kJ/mol (zinc) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 142 kJ/mol | highest | 378 kJ/mol (nickel) | lowest | 119 kJ/mol (zinc) specific heat at STP | median | 538 J/(kg K) | highest | 1020 J/(kg K) (magnesium) | lowest | 388 J/(kg K) (zinc) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 4.439 g/cm^3 | highest | 8.908 g/cm^3 (nickel) | lowest | 1.55 g/cm^3 (calcium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 4.077 g/cm^3 | highest | 7.81 g/cm^3 (nickel) | lowest | 1.378 g/cm^3 (calcium) molar volume | median | 11.57 cm^3/mol | highest | 25.86 cm^3/mol (calcium) | lowest | 6.589 cm^3/mol (nickel) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 2.5 | highest | 4 (≈ fluorite) (nickel) | lowest | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) (calcium) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 638 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 167 MPa | 260 MPa | 412 MPa | 700 MPa bulk modulus | median | 57 GPa | highest | 180 GPa (nickel) | lowest | 17 GPa (calcium) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 30 GPa | highest | 76 GPa (nickel) | lowest | 7.4 GPa (calcium) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 76 GPa | highest | 200 GPa (nickel) | lowest | 20 GPa (calcium) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.31 ultimate tensile strength | all | 37 MPa | 317 MPa sound speed | median | 4206 m/s | highest | 4970 m/s (nickel) | lowest | 3700 m/s (zinc) thermal expansion | median | 2.4×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 3.02×10^-5 K^(-1) (zinc) | lowest | 1.34×10^-5 K^(-1) (nickel) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 140 W/(m K) | highest | 200 W/(m K) (calcium) | lowest | 91 W/(m K) (nickel) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 5.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (nickel) | lowest | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (calcium) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 2×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (calcium) | lowest | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (nickel) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.2×10^-5 | highest | 2.139×10^-5 (calcium) | lowest | -1.58×10^-5 (zinc) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (calcium) | lowest | -2.21×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (zinc) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (calcium) | lowest | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (zinc) | distribution | work function | all | 2.87 eV | 3.66 eV | (3.63 to 4.9) eV | (5.04 to 5.35) eV

valence | median | 2 | highest | 2 (4 elements) | lowest | 2 (4 elements) electronegativity | median | 1.48 | highest | 1.91 (nickel) | lowest | 1 (calcium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 1.185 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 112 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (nickel) | lowest | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (magnesium and zinc) first ionization energy | median | 737.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (zinc) | lowest | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (calcium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^3F_4 atomic radius | median | 142 pm | highest | 180 pm (calcium) | lowest | 135 pm (nickel and zinc) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 132 pm | highest | 176 pm (calcium) | lowest | 122 pm (zinc) | distribution | van der Waals radius | median | 163 pm | highest | 173 pm (magnesium) | lowest | 139 pm (zinc) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 0.0065 mass% | highest | 0.06 mass% (magnesium) | lowest | 3×10^-5 mass% (zinc) solar abundance | median | 0.0075 mass% | highest | 0.07 mass% (magnesium) | lowest | 2×10^-4 mass% (zinc) meteorite abundance | median | 1.2 mass% | highest | 12 mass% (magnesium) | lowest | 0.018 mass% (zinc) crust abundance | median | 1.5 mass% | highest | 5 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 0.0078 mass% (zinc) | distribution | ocean abundance | median | 2.1×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.13 mass% (magnesium) | lowest | 2×10^-7 mass% (nickel) human abundance | median | 0.015 mass% | highest | 1.4 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 1×10^-5 mass% (nickel) universe molar abundance | median | 1.5×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.003 mol% (magnesium) | lowest | 6×10^-7 mol% (zinc) solar molar abundance | median | 2×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.003 mol% (magnesium) | lowest | 3×10^-6 mol% (zinc) meteorite molar abundance | median | 0.48 mol% | highest | 10 mol% (magnesium) | lowest | 0.0044 mol% (zinc) ocean molar abundance | median | 3.3×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.034 mol% (magnesium) | lowest | 2.1×10^-8 mol% (nickel) crust molar abundance | median | 1.3 mol% | highest | 2.6 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 0.0025 mol% (zinc) human molar abundance | median | 0.0037 mol% | highest | 0.22 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 1.1×10^-6 mol% (nickel)